SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF REMOVING PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) WITH CALCIUM OXIDE
Provided are systems and methods for removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a contaminated stream comprising: collecting a contaminated stream comprising one or more PFAS; concentrating the one or more PFAS of the contaminated stream to achieve a concentrated stream having greater than or equal to 0.01 wt. % PFAS; and removing the one or more PFAS of the concentrated stream by heating the concentrated stream in the presence of calcium oxide to produce calcium fluoride.
1 . A per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) removal system comprising:
a separation system comprising an inlet feed stream comprising one or more PFAS and an outlet concentrated stream comprising the one or more PFAS, wherein the outlet concentrated stream has a PFAS concentration greater than that of the inlet feed stream; and
a furnace configured to receive the outlet concentrated stream and heat the outlet concentrated stream in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) to remove the one or more PFAS and produce calcium fluoride.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet feed stream comprises a contaminated stream having 1×10 −7 to 5×10 −3 wt. % PFAS.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet feed stream comprises groundwater.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the outlet concentrated stream has greater than or equal to 0.01 wt. % PFAS.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the outlet concentrated stream has less than or equal to 10 wt. % PFAS.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the separation system comprises one or more of a filtration process, ion exchange process, distillation process, a chromatography process, or an evaporation process.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the separation system comprises an ion exchange column comprising resin.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the ion exchange column comprises an ion exchange outlet stream comprising the one or more PFAS and methanol.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the separation system comprises a distillation system configured to distill the methanol off the ion exchange outlet stream comprising the one or more PFAS and methanol.
10 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the separation system comprises a dilution system configured to dilute the ion exchange outlet stream with water.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the outlet concentrated stream comprises water.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the furnace is configured to heat the outlet concentrated stream to 450-900 degrees Celsius.
13 . The system of claim 1 , comprising a granulated activated carbon tank configured to capture residual one or more PFAS from the furnace.