Apparatus, systems and methods for soft tissue ablation
Systems, devices, and methods described herein relate to generation and delivery of pulsed waveforms, e.g., for therapy delivery in soft tissue ablation procedures. In some embodiments, a pulse generator is configured to generate a voltage pulse train including a plurality of biphasic pulses, each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses including a positive pulse, a negative pulse, and an inter-phase delay separating the positive pulse and the negative pulse. In some embodiments, successive biphasic pulses of the plurality of biphasic pulses can be separated by a pulse-to-pulse delay such that the plurality of biphasic pulses is separated by a plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays, and the plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays can include increasing or decreasing sequences of pulse-to-pulse delays.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a pulse generator configured to be coupled to an ablation device, the pulse generator configured to generate a voltage pulse train including a plurality of biphasic pulses,
each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses including a positive phase, a negative phase, and an inter-phase delay separating the positive phase and the negative phase,
successive biphasic pulses of the plurality of biphasic pulses being separating by a pulse-to-pulse delay such that the plurality of biphasic pulses is separated by a plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays, and
the plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays including an increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays including a subset of successive pulse-to-pulse delays that progressively increase and a decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays including a subset of successive pulse-to-pulse delays that progressively decrease, wherein the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays follows the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays or the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays follows the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of (1) the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays increases according to at least an arithmetic progression or (2) the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays decreases according to at least an arithmetic progression.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of (1) the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays increases according to at least a geometric progression or (2) the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays decreases according to at least a geometric progression.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays includes at least one third of a total number of the plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays includes at least one third of a total number of the plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of biphasic pulses includes up to about one hundred biphasic pulses.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inter-phase delay of each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses is at least three times a width of the positive and negative phases of each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the positive and negative phases of each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses have substantially trapezoidal shapes, and each positive or negative phase has a width that corresponds to a width or duration for which a voltage value of the positive or negative phase is at least about 70% of a maximum amplitude value of the positive or negative phase.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the positive and negative phase of each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses has substantially rectangular shape.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the inter-phase delay of each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses is at least about five microseconds.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a width of each positive or negative phase of the plurality of biphasic pulses is between about 0.5 microseconds and about 150 microseconds.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a maximum amplitude of each positive or negative phase of the plurality of biphasic pulses is between about 300 Volts and about 10,000 Volts.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pulse generator is configured to generate a plurality of packets, each packet of the plurality of packets including a pulse train identical to the voltage pulse train, and successive packets of the plurality of packets being separated by a packet delay of a plurality of packet delays.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of packets includes up to about twenty packets.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each packet delay of the plurality of packet delays is between about 300 milliseconds and about 12 seconds.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays include a number of delays equal to that of the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a signal router operatively coupled to the pulse generator and a plurality of electrode sets each including one or more electrodes, the signal router configured to: (1) generate a series of trigger signals to trigger the pulse generator to generate the voltage pulse train, and (2) set one or more switches to deliver the voltage pulse train as biphasic pulses to one or more electrode sets of the plurality of electrode sets.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , further comprising:
a communication channel disposed between the signal router and the pulse generator, the communication channel configured to transmit the series of trigger signals to the pulse generator such that the pulse generator, in response to receiving the series of trigger signals, generates the voltage pulse train for delivery to one or more electrode sets of the plurality of electrode sets.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays are applied to at least one electrode set of the plurality of electrode sets, and the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays are applied to the at least one electrode set of the plurality of electrode sets.
20. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the one or more electrode sets includes at
least a first electrode set and a second electrode set,
the signal router configured to set the one or more switches and to generate the series of trigger signals such that the signal router:
delivers a first subset of biphasic pulses of the plurality of biphasic pulses to the first electrode set, the first subset of biphasic pulses including at least one of the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays or the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays; and
delivers a second subset of biphasic pulses of the plurality of biphasic pulses to the second electrode set.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the second subset of biphasic pulses includes at least one of the increasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays or the decreasing sequence of pulse-to-pulse delays.
22. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein each biphasic pulse within the second subset of biphasic pulses is applied during a pulse-to-pulse delay separating two successive biphasic pulses within the first subset of biphasic pulses.
23. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the first electrode set and the second electrode set share a common electrode.
24. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the signal router is further configured to, after delivering each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses, send a confirmation signal that the biphasic pulse has been delivered.
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a signal router operatively coupled to the pulse generator and a plurality of electrode channels, each electrode channel of the plurality of electrode channels including an electrode of a plurality of electrodes,
the pulse generator configured to send one or more signals to the signal router that define at least one of (1) one or more pulse parameters of the plurality of biphasic pulses, (2) the plurality of pulse-to-pulse delays including a pulse-to-pulse delay that follows each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses, and (3) a subset of electrodes of the plurality of electrodes to be activated for each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the signal router is configured to, for each biphasic pulse of the plurality of biphasic pulses, set one or more switches of the plurality of electrode channels to electrically connect the subset of electrodes for each biphasic pulse to the pulse generator and send a trigger signal to the pulse generator to cause the pulse generator to generate for delivery a voltage pulse to the plurality of electrode channels, the signal router further configured to adjust the one or more switches while the voltage pulse is being generated based on the one or more pulse parameters to deliver each biphasic pulse, the signal router further configured to reset the switches for a subsequent biphasic pulse.
27. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the one or more pulse parameters includes at least one of a width of the positive and negative phases or a duration of the inter-phase delay.
28. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the signal router is configured to adjust the one or more switches while the voltage pulse is being generated by:
opening, after the one or more switches have been set for a duration corresponding to the positive phase of each biphasic pulse, the one or more switches for a duration corresponding to the inter-phase delay of each biphasic pulse; and
reversing the one or more switches for a duration equal to the negative phase of the biphasic pulse.
29. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the subset of electrodes of the plurality of electrodes to be activated changes between at least two successive biphasic pulses of the plurality of biphasic pulses.