REACTOR WITH ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION OF CO2, CO AND OTHER CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

1 .- 20 . (canceled)

21 . A COx reduction reactor comprising;

a membrane electrode assembly comprising:

a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-conducting polymer, wherein the reduction catalyst composition comprises a first catalyst particle supported on an electronically conductive support particle and a second catalyst particle supported on the electronically conductive support particle, wherein the first catalyst particle and the second catalyst particle are different materials, and wherein the first catalyst particle and the second catalyst particle catalyze COx reduction;

an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a first cation-conducting polymer; and

a membrane layer comprising a second anion-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, the membrane layer conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer; and

a cathode manifold coupled to the cathode layer.

22 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 21 , further comprising:

an anode manifold coupled to the anode layer.

23 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 22 , further comprising:

a hydrogen (H 2 ) source, wherein the anode manifold is configured to distribute H 2 from the H 2 source to the anode layer.

24 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 21 , wherein the electronically conductive support particle is selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron-doped diamond, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and combinations thereof.

25 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 21 , wherein the first catalyst particle is gold and the second catalyst particle is silver.

26 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 21 , wherein the membrane layer physically contacts the anode layer.

27 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 21 , further comprising:

an anode buffer layer comprising a second cation-conducting polymer and arranged between the anode layer and the membrane layer to conductively connect the anode layer and the membrane layer.

28 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 22 , wherein the cathode manifold comprises a cathode support structure adjacent to the cathode layer, the cathode support structure comprising:

a cathode polar plate;

a cathode gas diffusion layer arranged between the cathode polar plate and the cathode layer;

a first inlet fluidly connected to the cathode gas diffusion layer; and

a first outlet fluidly connected to the cathode gas diffusion layer; and

wherein the anode manifold comprises an anode support structure adjacent to the anode layer, the anode support structure comprising:

an anode polar plate;

an anode gas diffusion layer arranged between the anode polar plate and the anode layer;

a second inlet fluidly connected to the anode gas diffusion layer; and

a second outlet fluidly connected to the anode gas diffusion layer.

29 . A COx reduction reactor comprising:

a membrane electrode assembly comprising:

a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-conducting polymer;

an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a first cation-conducting polymer; and

a membrane layer comprising a second anion-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, the membrane layer conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer;

a cathode manifold coupled to the cathode layer;

a hydrogen (H 2 ) source; and

an anode manifold coupled to the anode layer, wherein the anode manifold is configured to distribute H 2 from the H 2 source to the anode layer.

30 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 29 , wherein the reduction catalyst composition comprises a first catalyst particle supported on an electronically conductive support particle and a second catalyst particle supported on the electronically conductive support particle

31 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 , wherein the first catalyst particle and the second catalyst particle are different materials.

32 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 , wherein the first catalyst particle and the second catalyst particle catalyze COx reduction.

33 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 29 , wherein the cathode manifold comprises a cathode support structure adjacent to the cathode layer, the cathode support structure comprising:

a cathode polar plate;

a cathode gas diffusion layer arranged between the cathode polar plate and the cathode layer;

a first inlet fluidly connected to the cathode gas diffusion layer; and

a first outlet fluidly connected to the cathode gas diffusion layer; and

wherein the anode manifold comprises an anode support structure adjacent to the anode layer, the anode support structure comprising:

an anode polar plate;

an anode gas diffusion layer arranged between the anode polar plate and the anode layer;

a second inlet fluidly connected to the anode gas diffusion layer; and

a second outlet fluidly connected to the anode gas diffusion layer.

34 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 , wherein the electronically conductive support particle is selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron-doped diamond, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and combinations thereof.

35 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 wherein the first catalyst particle is gold and the second catalyst particle is silver.

36 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 , wherein the membrane layer physically contacts the anode layer.

37 . The COx reduction reactor of claim 30 , further comprising:

an anode buffer layer comprising a second cation-conducting polymer and arranged between the anode layer and the membrane layer to conductively connect the anode layer and the membrane layer.