PCB-BASED METASURFACE APERTURE ANTENNA
An antenna having a plurality of RF radiating antenna elements (e.g., resonators) that include a double layer iris and methods of using the same are disclosed. In some embodiments, an antenna has a metasurface having a plurality of RF radiating antenna elements, where each of the RF antenna elements has a double layer iris with a first metal layer having a first iris and a second metal layer having a second iris in which first and second irises form a vertical stack in which the first iris is over the second iris.
1 . An antenna comprising:
a metasurface having a plurality of RF radiating antenna elements, where each of the plurality of RF antenna elements comprises a double layer iris with a first metal layer having a first iris and a second metal layer having a second iris in which first and second irises form a vertical stack in which the first iris is over the second iris.
2 . The antenna of claim 1 further comprising at least one via on each of opposite sides of the first iris and second iris extending between and coupling the first and second metal layers.
3 . The antenna of claim 2 wherein the at least one via on each of opposite sides of the first iris is to reduce leakage of electromagnetic energy between RF radiating antenna elements.
4 . The antenna of claim 2 wherein the at least one via comprises a plurality of vias located along a portion of each of two elongated sides of the first and second irises.
5 . The antenna of claim 4 wherein the plurality of vias form a via wall.
6 . The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a substrate between the first and second metal layers.
7 . The antenna of claim 6 wherein the substrate comprises a printed circuit board (PCB).
8 . The antenna of claim 6 wherein the substrate includes one or more parasitic conductors for each RF radiating antenna element.
9 . The antenna of claim 8 wherein at least one of the one or more parasitic conductors is in a middle layer of the substrate and extends across elongated portion of the first and second irises.
10 . The antenna of claim 9 wherein placement of the one or more parasitic conductors is based on desired capacitance compensation.
11 . The antenna of claim 6 further comprising:
a first conductor coupled to the substrate and extending into an open area where the first and second irises overlap; and
a second conductor coupled to the first metal layer, the second conductor extending into the first iris and overhanging the first conductor.
12 . The antenna of claim 11 wherein the size of the second conductor is sized with respect to the first conductor to control capacitance for resonance tuning of said each of the plurality RF antenna elements.
13 . The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a die coupled to the first iris.
14 . The antenna of claim 13 wherein the die comprises a tuning element.
15 . The antenna of claim 13 wherein the die comprises one or more of a capacitor and an amplifier.
16 . An antenna comprising:
a metasurface having a plurality of RF radiating antenna elements; and
at least one via on each of opposite sides of each RF radiating antenna element of the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements to reduce leakage of electromagnetic energy between adjacent RF radiating antenna elements of plurality of RF radiating antenna elements.
17 . The antenna of claim 16 wherein the at least one via comprises a plurality of vias located along a middle portion of each of two elongated sides of an iris of said each RF radiating antenna element.
18 . The antenna of claim 16 wherein the plurality of vias form a via wall.
19 . The antenna of claim 16 wherein the at least one via comprises three via on each of opposite sides of said each RF radiating antenna element.
20 . The antenna of claim 16 wherein said each RF radiating antenna element comprises a pair of vertically stacked irises formed by two metal layers, and the at least one via is located along a middle of each of two elongated sides of each of the two iris of said each RF radiating antenna element and extend between and couple the two metal layers.