Catheter With High-Density Mapping Electrodes
High-density mapping catheters with an array of mapping electrodes are disclosed. These catheters can be used for diagnosing and treating cardiac arrhythmias, for example. The catheters are adapted to contact tissue and comprise a flexible framework including the electrode array. The array of electrodes may be formed from a plurality of columns of longitudinally-aligned and rows of laterally-aligned electrodes.
1 . A basket catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter shaft including a proximal end and a distal end;
a flexible basket catheter comprising a basket electrode assembly having a proximal end, a distal end, and a plurality of splines, the flexible basket catheter coupled to the distal end of the catheter shaft and conform to tissue when extended into a deployed configuration;
at least one electrode mounted to each of the plurality of splines, wherein each of the at least one electrodes is configured for ablating the tissue; and
an adjusting member between the distal end of the basket electrode assembly and the proximal end of the catheter shaft for transitioning the basket electrode assembly between the deployed configuration and a contracted configuration, wherein, in the contracted configuration, the plurality of splines are configured to nest within adjacent splines.
2 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of splines comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein the at least one electrode is mounted to the distal portion of the respective spline of the plurality of splines.
3 . The basket catheter of claim 2 , wherein, in the deployed configuration, the distal portions of each of the plurality of splines are arranged to such that each of the at least one electrodes contacts tissue for ablating the tissue.
4 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one electrodes are configured to deliver radiofrequency ablation energy to the tissue.
5 . The basket catheter of claim 4 , wherein the radiofrequency ablation is unipolar ablation energy or bipolar ablation energy.
6 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein the splines comprises flexible electronic circuits that are communicatively and mechanically coupled to the each of the at least one electrodes.
7 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of splines include a plurality of pads that extend transverse to a length of the splines and are configured the at least one electrode, wherein the pads on adjacent splines are longitudinally offset to facilitate interleaving of the pads when the flexible basket catheter is actuated in the contracted configuration.
8 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the splines is substantially saw-tooth shaped.
9 . The basket catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of splines comprises a plurality of electrodes.
10 . The basket catheter of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged in at least two columns along the respective spline.
11 . The basket catheter of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged in an offset pattern in the at least two columns along the respective spline.
12 . The basket catheter of claim 9 , wherein one or more of the plurality of electrodes is configured for mapping and the other of the plurality of electrodes are configured to deliver ablation energy to the tissue.
13 . The basket catheter of claim 9 , wherein each of the plurality of electrodes are grouped into cliques of three or more electrodes and each clique of electrodes is configured to sample electrical characteristics of contacted tissue in at least two substantially transverse directions.
14 . The basket catheter of claim 13 , wherein a center-to-center distance between the electrodes in each clique is between 0.5 and 4 millimeters.
15 . The basket catheter of claim 13 , wherein an edge-to-edge distance between at least two pairs of electrodes within each clique is equal.
16 . The basket catheter of claim 13 , wherein an center-to-center distance between at least two pairs of electrodes within each clique is equal.
17 . The basket catheter of claim 13 , wherein each of the electrodes within of the cliques of three or more electrodes form an isosceles triangle with a vertex angle between 30° and 140°.
18 . The basket catheter of claim 13 , wherein the cliques of three or more electrodes form a right triangle.
19 . The basket catheter of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are spot electrodes. 20 The basket catheter of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are ring electrodes.