Solar Panel Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Methods, systems, and program products of inspecting solar panels using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are disclosed. A UAV can obtain a position of the Sun in a reference frame, a location of a solar panel in the reference frame, and an orientation of the solar panel in the reference frame. The UAV can determine a viewing position of the UAV in the reference frame based on at least one of the position of the Sun, the location of the solar panel, and the orientation of the solar panel. The UAV can maneuver to the viewing position and point a thermal sensor onboard the UAV at the solar panel. The UAV can capture, by the thermal sensor, a thermal image of at least a portion of the solar panel. A server onboard the UAV or connected to the UAV can detect panel failures based on the thermal image.
1 . A system comprising one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
determining a flight path for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for inspection of one or more solar panels;
navigating the UAV according to the flight path; and
obtaining, at a plurality of geo-spatial locations, respective thermal images of the one or more solar panels;
determining, based on the obtained thermal images, whether the one or more solar panels or one or more solar cells of a respective solar panel failed; and
generating a report indicating whether the one or more solar panels, or the one or more solar cells failed.
2 . The system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:
obtaining a position of the Sun in a reference frame, a location of a solar panel in the reference frame, and an orientation of the solar panel in the reference frame;
determining a viewing position of the UAV in the reference frame based on at least one of the position of the Sun, the location of the solar panel, and the orientation of the solar panel; and
maneuvering the UAV to the viewing position.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein obtaining the position of the Sun comprises:
obtaining a time of capturing the thermal images; and
determining the position of the Sun based on the time of capturing the thermal images.
4 . The system of claim 2 , wherein obtaining the position of the Sun comprises:
obtaining an image of the sky by the UAV;
associating the image of the sky with the reference frame; and
determining the position of the Sun in the reference frame based on the image of the sky.
5 . The system of claim 2 , wherein determining the viewing position comprises:
determining a UAV position that is within a threshold distance from the location of the solar panel, and determining a viewing angle of a thermal sensor relative to the solar panel that avoids or reduces a reflection of the Sun from the solar panel; and
designating the UAV position as the viewing position.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
comparing the thermal image with one or more thermal images of one or more other thermal panels; and
determining that the solar panel failed upon determining that a difference between thermal energies represented in the thermal image and thermal energies represented in the one or more other thermal image exceeds a panel fail threshold.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that thermal energy of a solar cell of the solar panel exceeds thermal energies of one or more other solar cells of the solar panel by at least a threshold difference amount; and
in response, determining that at the solar cell of the solar panel failed.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that a string of solar cells of the solar panel are overheating; and
in response, determining that the string of solar cells failed.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that at least a threshold number of overheating cells are randomly distributed in the solar panel; and
in response, determining that the solar panel failed.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that a part of a solar cell of the solar panel is overheating; and
determining that the overheating solar cell failed due to a rupture.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that a portion of the solar panel including a plurality of solar cells is overheating; and
determining that the solar panel failed due to one or more cracks at the portion of the solar panel.
12 . A method implemented by a system comprising one or more processors, the method comprising:
determining a flight path for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for inspection of one or more solar panels;
navigating the UAV according to the flight path; and
obtaining, at a plurality of geo-spatial locations, respective thermal images of the one or more solar panels;
determining, based on the obtained thermal images, whether the one or more solar panels or one or more solar cells of a respective solar panel failed; and
generating a report indicating whether the one or more solar panels, or the one or more solar cells failed.
13 . The method of claim 12 , comprising:
obtaining a position of the Sun in a reference frame, a location of a solar panel in the reference frame, and an orientation of the solar panel in the reference frame;
determining a viewing position of the UAV in the reference frame based on at least one of the position of the Sun, the location of the solar panel, and the orientation of the solar panel; and
maneuvering the UAV to the viewing position.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein obtaining the position of the Sun comprises:
obtaining a time of capturing the thermal images; and
determining the position of the Sun based on the time of capturing the thermal images.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein obtaining the position of the Sun comprises:
obtaining an image of the sky by the UAV;
associating the image of they sky with the reference frame; and
determining the position of the Sun in the reference frame based on the image of the sky.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the viewing position comprises:
determining a UAV position that is within a threshold distance from the location of the solar panel, and determining a viewing angle of a thermal sensor relative to the solar panel that avoids or reduces a reflection of the Sun from the solar panel; and
designating the UAV position as the viewing position.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
comparing the thermal image with one or more thermal images of one or more other thermal panels; and
determining that the solar panel failed upon determining that a difference between thermal energies represented in the thermal image and thermal energies represented in the one or more other thermal image exceeds a panel fail threshold.
18 . The method of claim 12 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that thermal energy of a solar cell of the solar panel exceeds thermal energies of one or more other solar cells of the solar panel by at least a threshold difference amount; and
in response, determining that at the solar cell of the solar panel failed.
19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein determining whether at least a portion of the solar panel failed comprises:
determining, based on the thermal image, that a string of solar cells of the solar panel are overheating; and
in response, determining that the string of solar cells failed.
20 . A non-transitory computer storage medium comprising instructions that when executed by a system comprising one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a flight path for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for inspection of one or more solar panels;
navigating the UAV according to the flight path; and
obtaining, at a plurality of geo-spatial locations, respective thermal images of the one or more solar panels;
determining, based on the obtained thermal images, whether the one or more solar panels or one or more solar cells of a respective solar panel failed; and
generating a report indicating whether the one or more solar panels, or the one or more solar cells failed.