RECHARGEABLE BATTERY WITH INTERNAL CURRENT LIMITER AND INTERRUPTER
A high energy density rechargeable (HEDR) battery employs a combined current limiter/current interrupter to prevent thermal runaway in the event of internal discharge or other disruption of the separator. The combined current limiter/current interrupter is interior to the battery.
1 - 15 . (canceled)
16 . A battery, comprising:
a first electrode coupled with a first current collector;
a second electrode coupled with a second current collector and having an opposite polarity as the first electrode;
a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a safe layer interposed between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer responding to being exposed to a target temperature by at least undergoing an increase in electrical resistivity to form a high-resistance gap between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer including (i) a binder with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and/or a PVDF-based material, (ii) an alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder containing alumina and/or alumina derivatives, and (iii) conductive nano particles.
17 . The battery of claim 16 , wherein the safe layer includes 1-20% by weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and/or the PVDF-based material.
18 . The battery of claim 16 , wherein the safe layer includes 0.1-10% by weight of the conductive nano particles.
19 . The battery of claim 16 , wherein the safe layer includes 10-95% by weight of the alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder.
20 . The battery of claim 16 , wherein the safe layer includes 5-95% by weight of the alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder and a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or calcium carbonate derivatives.
21 . A battery, comprising:
a first electrode coupled with a first current collector;
a second electrode coupled with a second current collector and having an opposite polarity as the first electrode;
a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a safe layer interposed between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer responding to being exposed to a target temperature by at least undergoing an increase in electrical resistivity to form a high-resistance gap between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer including (i) a binder with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and/or a PAA-based material and (ii) an alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder containing alumina and/or alumina derivatives, and (iii) conductive nano particles.
22 . The battery of claim 21 , wherein the safe layer includes 1-20% by weight of the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and/or the PAA-based material.
23 . The battery of claim 21 , wherein the safe layer includes 0.1-10% by weight of the conductive nano particles.
24 . The battery of claim 21 , wherein the safe layer includes 10-95% by weight of the alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder.
25 . The battery of claim 21 , wherein the safe layer includes 5-95% by weight of the alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder and a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or calcium carbonate derivatives.
26 . A battery, comprising:
a first electrode coupled with a first current collector;
a second electrode coupled with a second current collector and having an opposite polarity as the first electrode;
a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a safe layer interposed between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer responding to being exposed to a target temperature by at least undergoing an increase in electrical resistivity to form a high-resistance gap between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer including (i) a binder, (ii) a nano sized ceramic powder, and (iii) conductive nano particles.
27 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the safe layer includes 1-20% by weight of the binder.
28 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the safe layer includes 0.1-10% by weight of the conductive nano particles.
29 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the safe layer includes 5-95% by weight of the nano sized ceramic powder.
30 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the safe layer includes 10-95% by weight of the nano sized ceramic powder.
31 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and/or a PVDF-based material.
32 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the binder includes poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and/or a PAA-based material.
33 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the binder includes carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a CMC-based material.
34 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the binder includes styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or an SBR-based material.
35 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the binder includes polyvinyl acids (PVA) or a PVA-based material.
36 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder is an alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder containing alumina and/or alumina derivatives.
37 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder is a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or a calcium carbonate derivative.
38 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder includes (i) an alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder containing alumina and/or alumina derivatives, and (ii) a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or a calcium carbonate derivative.
39 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder is a silicon oxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing silicon oxides and/or silicon oxide derivatives.
40 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder is a titanium oxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing titanium oxides and/or titanium oxide derivatives.
41 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder is a copper hydroxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing copper hydroxides and/or copper hydroxide derivatives.
42 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder includes (i) a copper hydroxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing copper hydroxides and/or copper hydroxide derivatives, and (ii) a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or a calcium carbonate derivative.
43 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein the nano sized ceramic powder includes (i) a silicon oxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing silicon oxides and/or silicon oxide derivatives, (ii) a titanium oxide based nano sized ceramic powder containing titanium oxides and/or titanium oxide derivatives, and (iii) a calcium carbonate based nano sized ceramic powder containing calcium carbonates and/or a calcium carbonate derivative.
44 . A battery cell, comprising:
a first electrode coupled with a first current collector;
a second electrode coupled with a second current collector and having an opposite polarity as the first electrode;
a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
a safe layer interposed between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer responding to being exposed to a target temperature by at least undergoing an increase in electrical resistivity to form a high-resistance gap between the first electrode and the first current collector, the safe layer including (i) 1-20% by weight of a binder by weight, (ii) 10-95% by weight of an alumina-based nano sized ceramic powder containing alumina and/or alumina derivatives, and (iii) 0.1-10% by weight of conductive nano particles.
45 . The battery cell of claim 44 , wherein the binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a PVDF-based material, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and/or a PAA-based material.