CRISPR-CAS COMPONENT SYSTEMS, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SEQUENCE MANIPULATION
The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells and methods for selecting specific cells by introducing precise mutations utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system.
1 . An engineered, non-naturally occurring CRISPR-Cas system comprising:
(a) a protein comprising a Cas9 fused to at least one nuclear localization signal (NLS), or a polynucleotide encoding the protein;
(b) two or more CRISPR-Cas system RNAs each comprising a guide sequence capable of hybridizing to a different target sequence adjacent to a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a tracr-mate sequence capable of hybridizing to a tracr sequence, and a tracr sequence comprising at least 30 nucleotides in length;
wherein each of the CRISPR-Cas system RNAs is capable of forming a CRISPR complex with the Cas9 and directing sequence-specific binding of the CRISPR complex to the target sequence.
2 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR-Cas system RNAs hybridize to two different target sequences associated with two different genes, thereby mediating multiplexed genome modification in the eukaryotic cell.
3 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR-Cas system RNAs hybridize to two different target sequences flanking a genomic region, thereby mediating targeted deletion of the genomic region through concurrent double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the eukaryotic cell.
4 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is fused to at least two NLSs.
5 . The system according to claim 4 , wherein the Cas9 is fused to a first NLS at or near carboxy terminus of the Cas9 and a second NLS at or near amino terminus of the Cas9.
6 . The system according to claim 4 , wherein the NLSs are independently selected from the group consisting of PKKKRKV, KRPAATKKAGQAKKKK, PAAKRVKLD, RQRRNELKRSP, NQSSNFGPMKGGNFGGRSSGPYGGGGQYFAKPRNQGGY, RMRIZFKNKGKDTAELRRRRVEVSVELRKAKKDEQILKRRNV, VSRKRPRP, PPKKARED, POPKKKPL, SALIKKKKKMAP, DRLRR, PKQKKRK, RKLKKKIKKL, REKKKFLKRR, KRKGDEVDGVDEVAKKKSKK, and RKCLQAGMNLEARKTKK.
7 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR-Cas system RNAs are chimeric RNAs each comprising the guide sequence, the tracr-mate sequence and the tracr sequence in 5′ to 3′ orientation.
8 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the guide sequence comprises 15-30 nucleotides in length.
9 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the guide sequence comprises at least 20 nucleotides in length.
10 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the tracr sequence comprises at least 40 nucleotides in length.
11 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the tracr sequence comprises at least 50 nucleotides in length.
12 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the chimeric RNA comprises the sequence of NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGG CUAGUCCGUUAUCA.
13 . The system according to claim 7 , wherein the chimeric RNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide.
14 . The system according to claim 13 , wherein the modified nucleotide comprises a methylated nucleotide or a nucleotide analog.
15 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is S. pyogenes Cas9, and the PAM comprises NGG; or wherein the Cas9 is S. thermophilus Cas9, and the PAM comprises NNAGAAW.
16 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 comprises at least one mutation in a catalytic domain and is a nickase that lacks the ability to cleave one DNA strand, or wherein the Cas9 comprises at least one mutation in two or more catalytic domains and substantially lacks all DNA cleavage activity.
17 . The system according to claim 16 , wherein the Cas9 is a S. pyogenes Cas9 comprising D10A mutation or H840A mutation.
18 . The system according to claim 16 , wherein the Cas9 is a S. pyogenes Cas9 comprising D10A mutation and at least one of H840A, N854A, or N863A mutations.
19 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is further fused to at least one heterologous protein domain.
20 . The system according to claim 19 , wherein the heterologous protein domain has one or more of the following activities: methylase activity, demethylase activity, transcription activation activity, transcription repression activity, transcription release factor activity, histone modification activity, RNA cleavage activity and nucleic acid binding activity.
21 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a CRISPR complex formed by the CRISPR-Cas system RNA and the protein.
22 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises the CRISPR-Cas system RNA and an mRNA encoding the protein.
23 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein (a) and (b) are comprised in a liposome, an immunoliposome, a virosome, an artificial virion, or a viral vector for delivery to the eukaryotic cell.
24 . An isolated eukaryotic cell comprising the system according to claim 1 .