TERNARY ALUMINUM-BASED FOIL ANODES FOR SOLID-STATE BATTERIES

1 . A multiphase foil anode for a solid-state battery, comprising:

a foil comprising aluminum as a majority phase; and

a plurality of secondary phases dispersed within the aluminum majority phase, wherein the plurality of secondary phases comprises at least two different elements selected from the group consisting of indium, lead, bismuth, tin, gallium, zinc, lithium, and silicon.

2 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum majority phase comprises at least 90 weight percent of the foil.

3 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 2 , wherein the aluminum majority phase comprises at least 95 weight percent of the foil.

4 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of secondary phases comprises indium and lead.

5 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 4 , wherein the foil comprises aluminum in an amount of 95 weight percent, indium in an amount of 2.5 weight percent, and lead in an amount of 2.5 weight percent.

6 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of secondary phases comprises indium and silicon.

7 . The multiphase foil anode of claim 1 , wherein at least one element of the plurality of secondary phases alloys with lithium at a redox potential higher than aluminum.

8 . A multiphase aluminum-based foil anode for a solid-state battery, comprising:

an aluminum matrix forming a majority phase of the foil;

indium particles dispersed within the aluminum matrix; and

lead particles dispersed within the aluminum matrix, wherein the aluminum comprises at least 90 atomic percent of the foil composition.

9 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 8 , wherein the aluminum comprises at least 95 atomic percent of the foil composition.

10 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 8 , wherein the indium particles comprise between 1 and 5 atomic percent of the foil composition.

11 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 10 , wherein the lead particles comprise between 1 and 5 atomic percent of the foil composition.

12 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 11 , wherein the indium particles comprise 2.5 atomic percent and the lead particles comprise 2.5 atomic percent of the foil composition.

13 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 8 , wherein the indium particles and lead particles form secondary phases with an interconnected laminar structure within the aluminum matrix.

14 . The multiphase aluminum-based foil anode of claim 8 , wherein the indium and lead alloy with lithium at redox potentials higher than aluminum.

15 . A solid-state battery, comprising:

a cathode comprising an active cathode material;

a solid-state electrolyte; and

a multiphase foil anode comprising aluminum as a majority phase and at least two secondary alloying elements selected from indium, lead, bismuth, tin, gallium, zinc, lithium, and silicon.

16 . The solid-state battery of claim 15 , wherein the at least two secondary alloying elements comprise indium and lead.

17 . The solid-state battery of claim 16 , wherein the multiphase foil anode comprises lead in an amount of up to 4 weight percent.

18 . The solid-state battery of claim 17 , wherein the multiphase foil anode comprises indium in an amount of up to 2.5 weight percent.

19 . The solid-state battery of claim 18 , wherein the multiphase foil anode comprises aluminum in an amount of 95 weight percent, indium in an amount of 2.5 weight percent, and lead in an amount of 2.5 weight percent.

20 . The solid-state battery of claim 15 , wherein the multiphase foil anode exhibits an initial Coulombic efficiency of at least 80%.