SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMOLECULE RETENTION
Compositions, systems, and methods for the display of analytes such as biomolecules are described. Display of analytes is achieved by coupling of the analytes to displaying molecules that are configured to associate with surfaces or interfaces. Arrays of analytes may be formed from the described systems for utilization in assays and other methods.
1 .- 30 . (canceled)
31 . A method of attaching an analyte to a solid support, comprising:
(a) providing a nucleic acid particle, wherein the nucleic acid particle is hybridized to a first oligonucleotide, wherein the first oligonucleotide comprises a first functional group and a second functional group;
(b) attaching the analyte to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide;
(c) attaching the second functional group to the solid support; and
(d) after attaching the second functional group to the solid support, dissociating the nucleic acid particle from the first oligonucleotide.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the nucleic acid particle comprises a display moiety and a capture moiety, wherein the display moiety contains the first functional group, and wherein the capture moiety comprises the second functional group.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the display moiety of the nucleic acid particle is substantially opposed to the capture moiety of the nucleic acid particle.
34 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the display moiety of the nucleic acid particle is offset from the capture moiety of the nucleic acid particle by no more than 90°.
35 . The method of claim 31 , wherein attaching the analyte to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises attaching a third functional group of the analyte to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein attaching the third functional group of the analyte to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises forming a covalent bond between the first functional group and the third functional group.
37 . The method of claim 35 , wherein attaching the third functional group of the analyte to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises forming a non-covalent binding interaction between the first functional group and the third functional group.
38 . The method of claim 31 , wherein attaching the solid support to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises attaching a fourth functional group of the solid support to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide.
39 . The method of claim 38 , wherein attaching the fourth functional group of the solid support to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises forming a covalent bond between the second functional group and the fourth functional group.
40 . The method of claim 38 , wherein attaching the fourth functional group of the solid support to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide comprises forming a non-covalent binding interaction between the second functional group and the fourth functional group.
41 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising hybridizing the first oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid particle.
42 . The method of claim 41 , wherein the hybridizing occurs before step (b).
43 . The method of claim 41 , wherein the hybridizing occurs after step (b).
44 . The method of claim 31 , wherein dissociating the nucleic acid particle from the first oligonucleotide comprises enzymatically degrading the nucleic acid particle, chemically degrading the nucleic acid particle, photolytically degrading the nucleic acid particle, heating the nucleic acid particle, or altering a pH of a fluidic medium contacted to the nucleic acid particle.
45 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising: (e) after step (d), detecting the analyte attached to the solid support.
46 . The method of claim 45 , wherein detecting the analyte attached to the solid support comprises: (i) binding a detectable affinity agent to the analyte, and (ii) detecting a signal from the detectable affinity agent attached to the analyte.
47 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the nucleic acid particle comprises one or more pendant oligonucleotides.
48 . The method of claim 47 , further comprising attaching one or more oligonucleotides of the one or more pendant oligonucleotides of the nucleic acid particle to one or more oligonucleotides attached to the solid support.
49 . A method of forming an array of analytes, comprising:
(a) providing a solid support comprising a plurality of sites, wherein a plurality of nucleic acid particles is attached to the plurality of sites, wherein each site of the plurality of sites is attached to only one nucleic acid particle of the plurality of nucleic acid particles, wherein a plurality of analytes is attached to the plurality of nucleic acid particles, wherein each nucleic acid particle of the plurality of nucleic acid particles is attached to only one analyte of the plurality of analytes, wherein each nucleic acid particle is individually hybridized to a first oligonucleotide, wherein each first oligonucleotide individually comprises a first attachment moiety and a second attachment moiety, wherein each first attachment moiety is attached to the only one analyte, and wherein each second attachment moiety is attached to the solid support; and
(b) dissociating each nucleic acid particle from each first oligonucleotide, thereby providing the plurality of analytes attached to the plurality of sites.
50 . A composition, comprising:
(a) a nucleic acid particle;
(b) a first oligonucleotide, wherein the first oligonucleotide is hybridized to the nucleic acid particle, wherein the first oligonucleotide comprises a first functional group and a second functional group;
(c) an analyte, wherein the analyte is attached to the first functional group; and
(d) a solid support, wherein the solid support is attached to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide.
51 . The composition of claim 50 , wherein the nucleic acid particle comprises a degradation site.
52 . The composition of claim 51 , wherein the degradation site comprises a nucleotide sequence that is recognized by a restriction enzyme.
53 . The composition of claim 52 , further comprising a fluidic medium, wherein the fluidic medium comprises a restriction enzyme.
54 . The composition of claim 51 , wherein the degradation site comprises a photocleavable linker.
55 . The composition of claim 54 , further comprising a photon of light, wherein the photon of light is configured to dissociate the photocleavable linker.
56 . The composition of claim 50 , wherein the nucleic acid particle comprises a scaffold oligonucleotide and a plurality of staple oligonucleotides, wherein the scaffold oligonucleotide is hybridized to the plurality of staple oligonucleotides.
57 . The composition of claim 56 , wherein a staple oligonucleotide of the plurality of staple oligonucleotides comprises a nucleotide sequence that is hybridized to an oligonucleotide that is attached to the solid support.
58 . The composition of claim 50 , wherein the analyte comprises a third functional group, wherein the third functional group is attached to the first functional group of the first oligonucleotide.
59 . The composition of claim 58 , wherein the first functional group is attached to the third functional group by a covalent bond.
60 . The composition of claim 58 , wherein the first functional group is attached to the third functional group by a non-covalent binding interaction.
61 . The composition of claim 50 , wherein the solid support comprises a fourth functional group, wherein the fourth functional group is attached to the second functional group of the first oligonucleotide.
62 . The composition of claim 61 , wherein the second functional group is attached to the fourth functional group by a covalent bond.
63 . The composition of claim 61 , wherein the second functional group is attached to the fourth functional group by a non-covalent binding interaction.