Ethanol production by microorganisms
The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for engineering photoautotrophic organisms to convert carbon dioxide and light into fatty acid esters and other molecules, including biofuels. The molecules are then secreted by the organism into a growth medium.
1. A method for the biogenic production of ethanol, comprising: culturing an engineered cyanobacterium in a culture medium in the presence of light and CO 2 , wherein said cyanobacterium comprises a recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase gene and at least one recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene, wherein said recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase gene and at least one recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene belong to distinct operons wherein the expression of said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene is increased relative to the expression of said recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase gene, and wherein the amount of ethanol released into said culture medium by said engineered organism is equal to or greater than 10 mg/L/hr.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said engineered cyanobacterium comprises a first copy and a second copy of said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and wherein said first and second copies of said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene belong to distinct operons.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said recombinant pyruvate decarboxylase gene and said second copy of said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene are part of the same operon.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the expression of at least one copy of said alcohol dehydrogenase gene is operably linked to a lambda cI promoter.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said first and second copies of said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase genes are encoded by distinct plasmids.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase is varied by controlling the level of a co-factor required by alcohol dehydrogenase.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured level of acetaldehyde released into said culture medium by said engineered organism is less than 7 mg/L after 10 days of culture.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured level of ethanol released into said culture medium by said engineered organism is at least 1750 mgs/L.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured concentration (mg/ml) of ethanol released into said culture medium by said engineered organism is at least 100 fold higher than the measured level of acetaldehyde in said culture medium.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cyanobacterium is a thermophilic cyanobacterium.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase gene encodes an alcohol dehydrogenase which is from Moorella species.