Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines
This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.
1. A method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from a lithium chloride containing brine solution, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying a brine solution comprising lithium and silica to a silica management step to remove silica and to produce a silica-lean lithium chloride solution, wherein said lithium chloride containing brine solution is a smackover brine;
supplying a silica-lean lithium chloride solution to a lithium capture step, said lithium capture step being operable to capture said lithium from the silica-lean lithium chloride containing solution;
recovering lithium chloride from the lithium capture step to produce a lithium chloride rich stream;
optionally concentrating the lithium chloride rich stream;
contacting the lithium chloride rich stream and a sodium carbonate solution in a reaction vessel, wherein said sodium carbonate solution is prepared by contacting a sodium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide gas, wherein the sodium hydroxide is prepared by electrolyzing sodium chloride in an electrochemical cell, said electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode, and a semi-permeable cation selective membrane;
separating a product stream from the reaction vessel to provide a lithium carbonate product and a sodium chloride stream; and
recycling at least a portion of the sodium chloride stream to the electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell is maintained at conditions sufficient to produce sodium hydroxide.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a purification step for decreasing the concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc in the lithium chloride-rich stream after the lithium chloride recovery step, the purification step comprising:
contacting the lithium chloride rich stream with a base;
adding a carbonate such that at least a portion of the calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc present precipitates as a solid carbonate salt; and
separating the solid precipitate from a purified lithium chloride rich stream, said purified lithium chloride rich stream having a lower concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode is dimensionally stable and is selected from titanium mesh coated with ruthenium oxide, platinum or carbon.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is selected from nickel, catalyzed nickel mesh, stainless steel and coated stainless steel.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium chloride capture step comprises the step of supplying the silica-lean lithium chloride to a lithium adsorbent material for the capture of lithium until the lithium adsorbent material is saturated with lithium.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the recovery step comprises washing the saturated lithium adsorbent material with water to produce the lithium chloride rich stream.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the saturated lithium adsorbent material is washed with between about 1 to 8 bed volumes of water.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the water is deionized water.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the lithium adsorbent material is an intercalated lithium adsorbent.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein during the step of contacting the lithium adsorbent material and the silica-lean lithium chloride solution the temperature is maintained above about 70° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lithium chloride capture step selectively isolates lithium chloride and allows other anions and cations present in the silica-lean lithium chloride containing solution to pass.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica-lean lithium chloride solution is substantially silica free.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein said base is an alkali metal hydroxide.
14. A method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from a lithium chloride containing brine solution, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying a brine solution comprising lithium and silica to a silica management step to remove silica and to produce a silica-lean lithium chloride solution;
supplying a silica-lean lithium chloride solution to a lithium capture step, said lithium capture step being operable to capture said lithium from the silica-lean lithium chloride containing solution, wherein the lithium chloride capture step selectively isolates lithium chloride and allows other anions and cations present in the silica-lean lithium chloride containing solution to pass;
recovering lithium chloride from the lithium capture step to produce a lithium chloride rich stream;
optionally concentrating the lithium chloride rich stream;
contacting the lithium chloride rich stream and a sodium carbonate solution in a reaction vessel, wherein said sodium carbonate solution is prepared by contacting a sodium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide gas, wherein the sodium hydroxide is prepared by electrolyzing sodium chloride in an electrochemical cell, said electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode, and a semi-permeable cation selective membrane;
separating a product stream from the reaction vessel to provide a lithium carbonate product and a sodium chloride stream; and
recycling at least a portion of the sodium chloride stream to the electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell is maintained at conditions sufficient to produce sodium hydroxide.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising a purification step for decreasing the concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc in the lithium chloride-rich stream after the lithium chloride recovery step, the purification step comprising:
contacting the lithium chloride rich stream with a base;
adding a carbonate such that at least a portion of the calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc present precipitates as a solid carbonate salt; and
separating the solid precipitate from a purified lithium chloride rich stream, said purified lithium chloride rich stream having a lower concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said lithium chloride containing brine solution is a geothermal brine.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein said lithium chloride containing brine solution is a smackover brine.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the anode is dimensionally stable and is selected from titanium mesh coated with ruthenium oxide, platinum or carbon.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the cathode is selected from nickel, catalyzed nickel mesh, stainless steel and coated stainless steel.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the lithium chloride capture step comprises the step of supplying the silica-lean lithium chloride to a lithium adsorbent material for the capture of lithium until the lithium adsorbent material is saturated with lithium.
21. The method of claim 14 wherein the recovery step comprises washing the saturated lithium adsorbent material with water to produce the lithium chloride rich stream.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the saturated lithium adsorbent material is washed with between about 1 to 8 bed volumes of water.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the water is deionized water.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the lithium adsorbent material is an intercalated lithium adsorbent.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein during the step of contacting the lithium adsorbent material and the silica-lean lithium chloride solution the temperature is maintained above about 70° C.
26. The method of claim 14 , wherein the silica-lean lithium chloride solution is substantially silica free.
27. The method of claim 15 , wherein said base is an alkali metal hydroxide.