Process for purifying ethylene produced from a methanol-to-olefins facility
Described herein are processes and systems for purifying an olefin stream which has at least 99 mol % ethylene, involving use of a sulfur guard bed to yield an effluent from the olefin stream which is substantially free of sulfur; a hydrogenation catalyst to yield an effluent from the sulfur guard bed effluent which is substantially free of sulfur, oxygen, acetylene, methyl acetylene, and propadiene; a copper-metal containing catalyst bed to yield an effluent from the hydrogenation catalyst effluent which is substantially free of sulfur, oxygen, acetylene, methyl acetylene, propadiene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen; and a desiccant to yield a purified ethylene stream having greater than or equal to 99.875 mol % ethylene.
1. A process for purifying an olefin stream comprising at least 99 mol % ethylene, wherein the process comprises:
(a) passing the olefin stream through a sulfur guard bed to remove sulfur compounds and to yield a substantially sulfur-free effluent;
(b) contacting the substantially sulfur-free effluent from (a) with a hydrogenation catalyst to yield a substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent;
(c) passing the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent from (b) through a copper-metal containing catalyst bed to remove carbon monoxide and hydrogen and to yield a substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent; and
(d) passing the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent from (c) through a desiccant comprising alumina, molecular sieve, or a hybrid alumina-zeolite composite to remove polar contaminants and yield a purified ethylene stream comprising greater than or equal to 99.875 mol % ethylene.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the purified ethylene stream from (d) comprises equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) of acetylene, equal to or less than 5 ppm (mol) hydrogen, equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) carbon monoxide, equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) water, and equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) total sulfur.
3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
converting coal to syngas;
converting syngas to methanol; and
converting methanol to olefins to yield the olefin stream.
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of:
feeding the purified ethylene stream to one or more polymerization reactors.
5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
heating the olefin stream by transferring thermal energy from the substantially sulfur-oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent to the olefin stream in a first heat exchanger prior to (a); and
cooling the substantially sulfur-free effluent by transferring thermal energy to the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent from the substantially sulfur-free effluent inside a second heat exchanger prior to (b).
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
cooling the substantially sulfur-free effluent by transferring thermal energy to the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent from the substantially sulfur-free effluent inside a heat exchanger prior to (b).
7. The process as described in claim 1 , further comprising:
introducing hydrogen into or upstream of an acetylene/oxygen converter which contains the hydrogenation catalyst.
8. The process of claim 7 , further comprising:
converting at least a portion of the introduced hydrogen to water in the copper-metal containing catalyst bed.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur guard bed comprises a nickel catalyst.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur guard bed comprises a second desiccant comprising alumina, molecular sieve, or a hybrid alumina-zeolite composite.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises palladium.
12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
regenerating one or more of the sulfur guard bed, the copper-metal containing catalyst bed, and the desiccant with a regenerating gas selected from nitrogen, sulfur-free methane, sulfur-free ethane, sulfur-free propane, sulfur-free butanes, nobles gases, or a combination thereof.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polar contaminants removed in (d) include water generated in (b) by the conversion of oxygen to water.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the polar contaminants removed in (d) include water generated in (c) by the conversion of hydrogen to water.
15. A system for purifying an olefin stream comprising at least 99 mol % ethylene, wherein the system comprises:
a sulfur guard bed configured to remove sulfur compounds from the olefin stream to yield a substantially sulfur-free effluent;
an acetylene/oxygen converter configured to contact the substantially sulfur-free effluent with a hydrogenation catalyst to yield a substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent;
a copper-metal containing catalyst bed configured to remove carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent to yield a substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent; and
a polisher configured to remove polar contaminants from the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent to yield a purified ethylene stream comprising 99.875 mol % or more ethylene, equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) of acetylene, equal to or less than 5 ppm (mol) hydrogen, equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) carbon monoxide, equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) water, and equal to or less than 1 ppm (mol) total sulfur.
16. The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a gasification system configured to convert coal to syngas;
a methanol system configured to convert syngas to methanol; and
a methanol-to-olefin system configured to convert methanol received from the methanol system to olefins.
17. The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
one or more polymerization reactors configured to receive the purified ethylene stream and polymerize ethylene to yield a polyethylene.
18. The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a first heat exchanger to heat the olefin stream by exchanging thermal energy with the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent; and
a second heat exchanger to cool the substantially sulfur-free effluent by exchanging thermal energy with the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, and propadiene-free effluent.
19. The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a heat exchanger to heat the substantially sulfur-free effluent by exchanging thermal energy with the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent.
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the polar contaminants removed in the polisher include water generated in the acetylene/oxygen converter, the copper-metal containing catalyst bed, or both the acetylene/oxygen converter and the copper-metal containing catalyst bed.
21. The system of claim 15 , wherein the polar contaminants include one or more of water, ammonia, alcohols, and oxygenates.
22. The system of claim 15 , wherein the copper-metal containing catalyst bed is a copper oxide containing catalyst bed.
23. The system of claim 22 , where the copper oxide is Cu(II)O.
24. The system of claim 15 , wherein the polisher is configured to remove light acid gases, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide from the substantially sulfur-, oxygen-, acetylene-, methyl acetylene-, propadiene-, carbon monoxide-, and hydrogen-free effluent to yield the purified ethylene stream.