Efficient reverse thrusting modular propeller

1. A method for balancing the forward and reverse thrust of a water propeller turning in its forward and reverse directions, comprising:

providing a hydrofoil with a thickness;

profiling a hydrofoil that is symmetrical about a sinusoidal mean camber line of 360° in each of several constant-radius cross-sections;

decreasing the thickness of the hydrofoil from an attachment root to zero at a distal end, wherein, the mean camber lines of the hydrofoil shape remain the same from the root to the distal end as the thickness diminishes;

restricting the symmetrical hydrofoil from a minimum of 3% thickness-to chord-ratio to a maximum of 20% thickness-to-chord-ratio

providing the hydrofoil with a radius station and upper and lower surface contours; and

adjusting the 75% radius station of the hydrofoil to have a thickness-to-chord-ratio of 8%, wherein the thickness of the hydrofoil is 8% of its chord length, and such that the upper and lower surface contours can be expressed mathematically for an upper surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.966 x 2 +0.393 x+0.008; and, for a lower surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.759 x 2 +0.185 x−0.010; and for a mean camber line: Y=A sin x, where 0.02≤A≤0.08; and

eliminating any localized cupping on any leading or trailing edges of the hydrofoil.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

disposing a number of parallel raised ridges that follow constant radius lines equally on both sides of the hydrofoil.

3. A water propeller blade with a root attachment for a hub, and a symmetrical fin in one piece, comprising:

a fin shaped to be a radially symmetrical hydrofoil about a sinusoidal mean camber line at essentially every constant radius station, and laterally symmetrical edge to edge;

a pitch in the range of 5.0 to 50.0 inches;

a thickness-to-chord ratio of the fin at any radius station in the range of 3% minimum to a maximum of 20%;

upper and lower surface contours which can be expressed mathematically for an upper surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.966 x 2 +0.393 x+0.008; and, for a lower surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.759 x 2 +0.185 x−0.010; and for a mean camber line: Y=A sin x, where 0.02≤A≤0.08; and

a root to which the fin is integrated into one piece.

4. The water propeller blade of claim 3 , further comprising:

a plurality of ridges equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin in parallel to one another and along matching constant radius stations.

5. The water propeller blade of claim 4 , further comprising:

a set of three ridges equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin and on each opposite surface in parallel to one another and along matching constant radius stations separated by half an inch.

6. The water propeller blade of claim 4 , further comprising:

a set of ridges equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin and on each opposite surface in parallel to one another and separated along matching constant radius stations and staggered between said opposite surfaces.

7. A water propeller assembly, comprising:

a hub having attachments for a boat motor and a number of slots to receive and seize replaceable blades;

a set of identical replaceable blades each with a root attachment for the hub, and a symmetrical fin in one piece;

a fin included in each replaceable blade and shaped to be a radially symmetrical hydrofoil about a sinusoidal mean camber line at essentially every constant radius station, and laterally symmetrical edge to edge;

a pitch in the range of 5.0 to 50.0 inches;

a thickness-to-chord ratio at any radius station in the range of 3% minimum to a maximum of 20%;

upper and lower surface contours which can be expressed mathematically for an upper surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.966 x 2 +0.393 x+0.008; and, for a lower surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.759 x 2 +0.185 x−0.010; and for a mean camber line: Y=A sin x, where 0.02≤A≤0.08; and

a root to which the fin is integrated into one piece.

8. The water propeller assembly of claim 7 , further comprising:

a plurality of ridges included in each replaceable blade that are equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin in parallel to one another and along matching constant radius stations.

9. The water propeller assembly of claim 7 , further comprising:

a set of three ridges included in each replaceable blade that are equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin and on each opposite surface in parallel to one another and along matching constant radius stations separated by half an inch.

10. The water propeller assembly of claim 7 , further comprising:

a set of ridges included in each replaceable blade that are equally disposed on opposite surfaces of the fin and on each opposite surface in parallel to one another and separated along matching constant radius stations and staggered between said opposite surfaces.

11. An improved, efficient reverse-thrusting modular propeller including a plurality of identical and replaceable propeller blades assembled into a center hub and seized by a retaining cap, the improvement comprising:

a fin attached to a root in one piece, wherein:

the fin is profiled as a hydrofoil that in constant-radius cross-section is symmetrical about a sinusoidal camber line of 360°;

the thickness of the fin decreases from an attachment at the root to zero at a distal end of the blade;

the width of the fin increases to a maximum from said attachment at the root and then decreases to zero at said distal end of the blade, and generally profiled as a pedal curve; and

upper and lower surface contours which can be expressed mathematically for an upper surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.966 x 2 +0.393 x+0.008; and, for a lower surface by: Y=0.575 x 3 −0.759 x 2 +0.185 x−0.010; and for a mean camber line: Y=A sin x, where 0.02≤A≤0.08.