Recovery and beneficiation of pozzolan deposits for enhanced performance in concrete
Disclosed is a method for enhancing the performance of concrete includes, providing a cementitious mixture comprising cement and processed high calcium fly ash; wherein a processing of the processed high calcium fly ash neutralizes a cementitious reactivity of a high calcium fly ash, wherein a pozzolanic reactivity of the processed high calcium fly ash is maintained during the processing of the high calcium fly ash. The processing of the high calcium fly ash includes hydrating and carbonating the high calcium fly ash. The processing further includes excavating the high calcium fly ash from a landfill or surface impoundment after the hydrating and carbonating. Also disclosed is a portland-pozzolan blended cement mixture with clinker, gypsum, and a pozzolanic material, such as processed high calcium fly ash. After processing, the cementitious reactivity of a high calcium fly ash is neutralized, while pozzolanic reactivity of the high calcium fly ash is maintained.
1. A method for enhancing the performance of concrete comprising:
providing a cementitious mixture comprising cement and processed high calcium fly ash, wherein a processing of said processed high calcium fly ash neutralizes a cementitious reactivity of a high calcium fly ash, and said processing of said high calcium fly ash comprises:
hydrating and carbonating said high calcium fly ash; and
excavating said high calcium fly ash from a landfill or surface impoundment after said hydrating and carbonating;
wherein a pozzolanic reactivity of said processed high calcium fly ash is maintained during said processing of said high calcium fly ash.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a calcium oxide content of said high calcium fly ash is greater than about 10% prior to said neutralization of said cementitious reactivity of said high calcium fly ash.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a calcium oxide content of said high calcium fly ash is greater than about 15% prior to said neutralization of said cementitious reactivity of said high calcium fly ash.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 30-60% of the cement in said cementitious mixture is replaced with said processed high calcium fly ash, and a set time of said cementitious mixture is less than or equal to about 120% of the set time of a control, said control is 100% cement,
wherein replacing said cement in said cementitious mixture with said processed high calcium fly ash reduces a risk of an alkali-silica reaction in said cementitious mixture.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said processing of said high calcium fly ash further comprises grinding said high calcium fly ash after neutralization and hydration, wherein said grinding of said high calcium fly ash during said processing exposes a particle surface on said high calcium fly ash with sites for pozzolanic reactions to occur.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a specific surface area of said particle surface is between about 1.5-15 m2/g after said grinding.
7. A portland-pozzolan blended cement mixture comprising:
clinker, gypsum, and a pozzolanic material, said pozzolanic material being comprised of processed high calcium fly ash,
wherein a processing of said processed high calcium fly ash neutralizes a cementitious reactivity of a high calcium fly ash while maintaining a pozzolanic reactivity of said high calcium fly ash.
8. The cement mixture of claim 7 , wherein said clinker is ground at a cement plant and blended with said gypsum and virgin fly ash and said processed high calcium fly ash.
9. The cement mixture of claim 7 , wherein said processing of said high calcium fly ash comprises hydrating and carbonating said high calcium fly ash;
said processing further comprises excavating said high calcium fly ash from a landfill or surface impoundment after said hydrating and carbonating.
10. The cement mixture of claim 9 , wherein a calcium oxide content of said high calcium fly ash is greater than about 10% prior to said neutralization of said cementitious reactivity of said high calcium fly ash.
11. The cement mixture of claim 9 , wherein a calcium oxide content of said high calcium fly ash is greater than about 15% prior to said neutralization of said cementitious reactivity of said high calcium fly ash.
12. The cement mixture of claim 9 , wherein about 30-60% of the cement in said cement mixture is replaced with said processed high calcium fly ash, and a set time of said cement mixture is less than or equal to about 120% of the set time of a control, said control is 100% cement,
wherein replacing said cement in said cement mixture with said processed high calcium fly ash reduces a risk of an alkali-silica reaction in said cement mixture.
13. The cement mixture of claim 12 , wherein a set time of said cement mixture is less than or equal to about 110% of the set time of said control.
14. The cement mixture of claim 13 , wherein a set time of said cement mixture is less than or equal to about 105% of the set time of said control.
15. A method for processing high calcium fly ash, comprising:
reclaiming a high calcium fly ash, wherein said high calcium fly ash is hydrated and neutralized before reclaiming; and
processing said high calcium fly ash by hydrating and carbonating said high calcium fly ash, wherein said processing neutralizes a cementitious reactivity of said high calcium fly ash;
wherein said reclaiming comprises excavating said high calcium fly ash from a landfill or surface impoundment after said hydrating and carbonating; and
wherein a pozzolanic reactivity of said high calcium fly ash is maintained during said processing of said high calcium fly ash.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said processing of said high calcium fly ash further comprises grinding said high calcium fly ash after excavating said high calcium fly ash, wherein said grinding of said high calcium fly ash during said processing exposes a particle surface on said high calcium fly ash with sites for pozzolanic reactions to occur.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein a specific surface area of said particle surface is between about 1.5-15 m2/g after said grinding.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein a specific surface area of said particle surface is between about 2-10 m2/g after said grinding.