Electrolyte formulations for lithium ion batteries
Electrolyte solutions including additives or combinations of additives that provide low temperature performance and high temperature stability in lithium ion battery cells.
1. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode including at least one material from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal silicate, a metal fluoride, and a metal sulfide;
an anode; and
an electrolyte formulation comprising:
an organic solvent;
a lithium salt present at a concentration suitable for conducting lithium ions through the electrolyte formulation;
a first additive salt comprising a hexafluorophosphate; and
a second additive salt comprising lithium bis(oxalato)borate present at a concentration no greater than 0.2 mol/liter,
wherein the first and second additive salts are different from the lithium salt.
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the first additive salt is sodium hexafluorophosphate.
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising cesium nitrate as a third additive.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising maleic anhydride as a third additive.
5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate as a third additive.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising trimethylsilyl polyphosphate as a third additive.
7. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate as a third additive.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising 1,4-butane sultone as a third additive.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the first additive salt is cesium hexafluorophosphate.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate.
11. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt is greater than 1.0 mol/liter.
12. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is a lithium metal oxide.
13. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the first additive salt is present at a concentration no greater than 0.2 mol/liter.
14. The lithium ion battery of claim 2 , wherein the sodium hexafluorophosphate is present at a concentration no greater than 0.2 mol/liter.
15. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolyte formulation comprising:
an organic solvent;
a lithium salt present at a concentration suitable for conducting lithium ions through the electrolyte formulation;
a first additive salt comprising sodium hexafluorophosphate; and
a second additive salt comprising lithium bis(oxalato)borate present at a concentration no greater than 0.2 mol/liter,
wherein the first and second additive salts are different from the lithium salt.
16. The lithium ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the sodium hexafluorophosphate is present at a concentration no greater than 0.2 mol/liter.
17. The lithium ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the cathode and the anode are configured to perform intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions.
18. The lithium ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the cathode includes at least one material from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal silicate, a metal fluoride, and a metal sulfide.
19. The lithium ion battery of claim 18 , wherein the metal oxide is a lithium metal oxide.
20. The lithium ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt is greater than 1.0 mol/liter.