Health risk indicator determination
The present disclosure relates to the conversion of biometric data to meaningful heath risk indications. According to one aspect, there is provided a method of determining a health risk indicator for a user by: obtaining heart rate data for the user recorded over a monitoring period of at least one day; processing said heart rate data in dependence on biometric data for the user to determine an aggregate heartbeat value for the user over said monitoring period; and determining said health risk indicator in dependence on said aggregate heartbeat value.
1. A wearable heart rate monitor for determining health risk comprising:
a sensor configured to obtain heart rate data for a user over a monitoring period;
a processor; and
a memory, wherein instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, direct the processor to:
obtain motion information indicative of motion of the user;
derive an aggregate heartbeat value for the user over said monitoring period based, at least in part, on biometric data for the user,
wherein the aggregate heartbeat value is derived by weighting heart rate values by:
in a first case where the motion information indicates movement by the user and respective heart beat values are higher than an expected heart rate level, based on the motion information, by at least a first predetermined margin, or in a second case where the motion information indicates no movement by the user and the respective heart beat values are lower than the expected heart rate level by at least the first predetermined margin, weighting the heart rate values such that the weighting is proportional to the heart rate values; and
in a third case where the motion information indicates movement by the user but the respective heart beat values are lower than the expected heart rate level by at least the first predetermined margin, or in a fourth case where the motion information indicates no movement by the user but the respective heart beat values are higher than the expected heart rate level by at least the first predetermined margin, assigning reduced weights to the heart rate values; and
wherein the heart rate values are obtained according to a variable sampling rate that is selected based on a comparison of at least one previous heart beat measurement to
a heart rate range that is a difference between a maximum heart rate of the user and a resting heart rate of the user;
determine a health-predictive activity score based on the aggregate heartbeat value for the user; and
determine a health risk indicator from the health-predictive activity score according to a model associating, for a plurality of subjects, a respective activity score to a respective peak oxygen uptake, the model used to compare the health-predictive activity score with an activity score needed to achieve a certain peak oxygen uptake over time to determine the health risk indicator.
2. The wearable heart rate monitor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor senses the user's pulse over the monitoring period to produce a series of pulse measurements for the heart rate data, and wherein the instructions direct the processor to determine the aggregate heartbeat value using the series of pulse measurements.
3. The wearable heart rate monitor of claim 2 , further comprising interpolating said series of pulse measurements to produce an evenly distributed series of data points or a continuous heart rate function over the monitoring period.
4. The wearable heart rate monitor of claim 1 , wherein the instructions that direct the processor to process said heart rate data comprise instructions to normalise the heart rate data, an evenly distributed series of data points derived from the heart rate data or a continuous function derived from the heart rate data by subtracting a resting heart rate value of the user from a measured heart rate value of the user and dividing a result by the difference between the maximum heart rate of the user and the resting heart rate of the user.
5. The wearable heart rate monitor of claim 1 , further comprising a user interface, wherein the instructions further direct the processor to provide the health risk indicator to the user through the user interface.
6. A system for enhancing health monitoring technology comprising computer-executable instructions for performing a method comprising:
obtaining heart rate data, from a wearable device, for a user recorded over a monitoring period by steps comprising:
calculating a heart rate range as a difference between a maximum heart rate of the user and a resting heart rate of the user;
for the monitoring period, repeatedly
measuring a current heart rate value according to a variable sampling rate that is selected based on a comparison of a previous heart rate measurement to the heart rate range;
obtaining, from the wearable device, motion information indicative of motion of the user;
determining, using the motion information, an activity level;
in a case that the heart rate data is higher than expected heart rate data for the activity level, alerting the user to place the wearable device on a different body part;
processing said heart rate data based, at least in part, on biometric data for the user to determine an aggregate heartbeat value for the user over said monitoring period by steps comprising:
determining a series of intensity scores z k or an intensity score function z(t) from a series of normalized heart rate values y k or a continuous normalised heart rate function y (t)) obtained from the heart rate data based, a constant scaling factor c 1 , and a constant weighting factor c 2 according to: z k =c 1 (e c 2 y k −1) or z(t)=c 1 (e c 2 y k −1), wherein c 1 and c 2 are chosen from a plurality of options according to one or more user characteristics;
determining a health-predictive activity score based on the aggregate heartbeat value of the user; and
determining a health risk indicator from the health-predictive activity score according to a model associating, for a plurality of subjects, a respective activity score to a respective peak oxygen uptake, the model used to compare the health-predictive activity score with an activity score needed to achieve a certain peak oxygen uptake over time to determine the health risk indicator.
7. A method of determining a health risk indicator for a user by:
obtaining heart rate data for the user recorded over a monitoring period by steps comprising:
sensing the user's pulse over the monitoring period to produce a series of pulse measurements, wherein the heart rate data comprising the series of pulse measurements, the sensing comprising:
calculating a heart rate range as a difference between a maximum heart rate of the user and a resting heart rate of the user;
for the monitoring period,
measuring a current heart rate value according to a variable sampling rate that is selected based on a comparison of a previous heart rate measurement and the heart rate range;
obtaining motion information indicative of motion of the user over the monitoring period;
processing said heart rate data based, at least in part, on biometric data for the user to determine an aggregate heartbeat value for the user over said monitoring period, wherein
the aggregate heartbeat value is derived by weighting heart rate values by:
determine an expected heart rate level based on the motion information;
in a first case where the motion information indicates movement by the user but respective heart beat values are lower than the expected heart rate level by at least a first predetermined margin, or in a second case where the motion information indicates no movement by the user but the respective heart beat values are higher than the expected heart rate level by at least a second predetermined margin, assigning reduced weights to the heart rate values;
determining a health-predictive activity score based on the aggregate heartbeat value for the user; and
determining said health risk indicator from the health-predictive activity score according to a model associating, for a plurality of subjects, a respective activity score to a respective peak oxygen uptake, the model used to compare the health-predictive activity score with an activity score needed to achieve a certain peak oxygen uptake over time to determine the health risk indicator.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said biometric data comprises a resting heart rate value for the user and a maximum heart rate value for the user.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said processing said heart rate data comprises normalising the heart rate data, an evenly distributed series of data points derived from the heart rate data or a continuous function derived from the heart rate data by subtracting the resting heart rate value from a measured heart rate value and dividing a result by the difference between the maximum heart rate and the resting heart rate.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising providing the health risk indicator to the user.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the monitoring period is at least five days.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aggregate heartbeat value is determined using said series of pulse measurements.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising interpolating said series of pulse measurements to produce an evenly distributed series of data points or a continuous heart rate function over the monitoring period.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein processing the said heart rate data further comprising:
in a third case where the motion information indicates movement by the user and the respective heart beat values are higher than the expected heart rate level by at least a third predetermined margin, or in a fourth case where the motion information indicates no movement by the user and the respective heart beat values are lower than the expected heart rate level by at least a fourth predetermined margin, weighting the heart rate values such that the higher the heart rate value, the more weight it is given.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the health risk indicator is determined by statistical fitting of the aggregate heartbeat value with population survey data.
16. The method of claim 7 , repeated periodically, with a repetition period:
equal to the monitoring period such that the method is repeated consecutively; or
equal to the monitoring period such that the method is repeated over a sliding window.
17. The method of claim 7 , further comprising estimating the user's peak aerobic capacity using a low pass filter on the aggregate heartbeat value or a value derived therefrom and the biometric data for the user.