Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure
The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of Coagulation factor VII, CA19-9, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, C—X—C motif chemokine 6, and C—C motif chemokine 13 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.
1. A method of treating a subject comprising:
(a) detecting an elevated level of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in a urine sample obtained from the subject as compared to a predetermined threshold level, wherein the threshold level is selected based on results of a population study of individuals, and wherein the results separate the population into a first subpopulation of the individuals with a level of IGFBP7 that is greater than the threshold level and a second subpopulation of the individuals with a level of IGFBP7 that is less than the threshold level;
(b) determining that the subject is at risk of a future acute kidney injury within 48 hours of the time the urine sample is obtained from the subject based on the elevated level of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 in the sample, and;
(c) treating the subject determined to be at risk of the future acute kidney injury, wherein the treatment comprises initiating renal replacement therapy, ceasing administration of compounds to the subject that are known to be damaging to the kidney, or modifying diuretic administration of compounds,
wherein the subject: (i) is undergoing or has undergone an acute medical event which predisposes the subject for developing the acute kidney injury; or (ii) has been exposed to an agent that predisposes the subject for developing the acute kidney injury.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises contacting all or a portion of the urine sample with a binding reagent which specifically binds to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, and
generating an assay result indicative of binding of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 to the binding reagent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the assay result comprises a measured concentration of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the binding reagent is an antibody.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the future acute kidney injury is a future RIFLE stage I acute kidney injury or a future RIFLE stage F acute kidney injury.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining further comprises determining that the subject has an increased likelihood of a future acute kidney injury within 24 hours of the time the urine sample is obtained from the subject.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising initiating renal replacement therapy.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising ceasing administration of compounds to the subject that are damaging to the kidney.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising modifying diuretic administration of compounds used for treatment of a kidney disorder.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the future acute kidney injury is prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal acute renal failure (ARF).
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is not in RIFLE stage I acute kidney injury or RIFLE stage F acute kidney injury.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage 0.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage R.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage I.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed with one or more of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration below the normal range, cirrhosis, serum creatinine above the normal range, and sepsis.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject:
(i) is undergoing or has undergone major vascular surgery, coronary artery bypass, or other cardiac surgery; or
(ii) has been exposed to NSAIDs, cyclosporines, tacrolimus, aminoglycosides, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobin, myoglobin, ifosfamide, heavy metals, methotrexate, radiopaque contrast agents, or streptozotocin.