Tuning the output of a laser
In a general aspect, a laser system includes a laser and a frequency comb generator system. The laser is configured to generate a laser signal, and the frequency comb generator system is configured to generate a frequency comb based on the laser signal. The frequency comb includes frequency comb signals at respective comb frequencies. The laser system also includes a frequency comb dispersion system configured to spatially separate the frequency comb signals onto respective optical channels of the frequency comb dispersion system. The laser system additionally includes a frequency selector system configured to generate a selected frequency signal from the frequency comb signals after separation. The selected frequency signal includes a target separated frequency comb signal. The laser system also includes a frequency shifter configured to alter the selected frequency signal toward a target output frequency of the laser system.
1. A laser system, comprising:
a laser configured to generate a laser signal;
a frequency comb generator system configured to generate a frequency comb based on the laser signal, the frequency comb comprising frequency comb signals at respective comb frequencies;
a frequency comb dispersion system configured to spatially separate the frequency comb signals onto respective optical channels of the frequency comb dispersion system;
a frequency selector system configured to generate a selected frequency signal from the frequency comb signals after separation, the selected frequency signal comprising a target separated frequency comb signal; and
a frequency shifter configured to alter the selected frequency signal toward a target output frequency of the laser system.
2. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the target separated frequency comb signal has a comb frequency that is closest to the target output frequency.
3. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency shifter is configured to alter the selected frequency signal by fine-tuning the selected frequency signal to the target output frequency.
4. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency shifter is configured to alter the selected frequency signal by scanning the selected frequency signal about the target output frequency.
5. The laser system of claim 1 ,
wherein the laser is a continuous wave laser, and
wherein the laser signal is a frequency locked output of the continuous wave laser.
6. The laser system of claim 5 , comprising:
a vapor cell having a vapor therein;
wherein the frequency locked output is based on an electronic transition of the vapor.
7. The laser system of claim 5 , comprising:
an optical cavity having an optical path length;
wherein the frequency locked output is based on the optical path length of the optical cavity.
8. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency comb dispersion system comprises an arrayed waveguide grating having:
an input optical channel that receives the frequency comb signals from the frequency comb generator system; and
a plurality of output optical channels that are physically separated from one another by a distance.
9. The laser system of claim 1 ,
wherein the frequency selector system comprises a network of optical switches; and
wherein the laser system comprises a control system configured to control the network of optical switches to select a target optical channel that carries the target separated frequency comb signal.
10. The laser system of claim 1 , comprising a photonic integrated circuit that comprises a network of drop-out filters and defines the frequency comb dispersion system.
11. The laser system of claim 10 , wherein the photonic integrated circuit further defines the frequency selector system.
12. The laser system of claim 10 , wherein the network of drop-out filters is defined by a plurality of ring resonators associated with respective frequency comb signals of the frequency comb, each ring resonator configured to resonate at a ring frequency when an optical path length of the ring resonator reaches a target optical path length, the ring frequency matching the comb frequency of one of the frequency comb signals.
13. The laser system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency shifter comprises an optical modulator that performs single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) modulation.
14. The laser system of claim 1 , comprising a control system in communication with the frequency selector system and configured to perform operations that comprise:
determining a difference between the target output frequency of the laser system and an updated target output frequency of the laser system; and
transmitting a control signal to the frequency selector system to generate a second selected frequency signal, the control signal based on the difference.
15. The laser system of claim 1 ,
wherein the comb frequencies of the frequency comb signals are separated from each other by a common frequency spacing; and
wherein the frequency shifter is configured to alter the selected frequency signal by a frequency magnitude no less than the common frequency spacing.
16. A method of tuning a laser system, the method comprising:
generating, by operation of a frequency comb generator system, a frequency comb having frequency comb signals at respective comb frequencies, the frequency comb based on a laser signal generated by a laser of the laser system;
spatially separating, by operation of a frequency comb dispersion system, the frequency comb signals onto respective optical channels of the frequency comb dispersion system;
generating, by operation of a frequency selector system, a selected frequency signal from the separated frequency comb signals, the selected frequency signal comprising a target separated frequency comb signal; and
altering, by operation of a frequency shifter, the selected frequency signal toward a target output frequency of the laser system.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the target separated frequency comb signal has a comb frequency that is closest to the target output frequency.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein altering the selected frequency signal comprises fine-tuning the selected frequency signal to the target output frequency.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein altering the selected frequency signal comprises scanning the selected frequency signal about the target output frequency.
20. The method of claim 16 , comprising:
generating the laser signal by operation of the laser; and
communicating the laser signal from the laser to the frequency comb generator system.
21. The method of claim 20 ,
wherein the laser is a continuous wave laser;
wherein the laser signal is a frequency locked output of the continuous wave laser; and
wherein the frequency locked output is based on an electronic transition of a vapor in a vapor cell.
22. The method of claim 20 ,
wherein the laser is a continuous wave laser;
wherein the laser signal is a frequency locked output of the continuous wave laser; and
wherein the frequency locked output is based on an optical path length of an optical cavity.
23. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the frequency comb dispersion system comprises an arrayed waveguide grating having an input optical channel and a plurality of output optical channels that are physically separated from one another by a distance; and
wherein spatially separating the frequency comb signals comprises:
receiving the frequency comb signals at the input optical channel of the arrayed waveguide grating,
separating each frequency comb signal onto a distinct output optical channel of the arrayed waveguide grating, and
communicating, from the plurality of output optical channels, respective frequency comb signals to the frequency selector system.
24. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the frequency selector system comprises a network of optical switches;
wherein the laser system comprises a control system configured to control the network of optical switches; and
wherein the method comprises selecting, by operation of the control system, a target optical channel that carries the target separated frequency comb signal.
25. The method of claim 16 , wherein the frequency comb signals are separated spatially onto respective optical channels by a photonic integrated circuit that comprises a network of drop-out filters, the photonic integrated circuit defining the frequency comb dispersion system.
26. The method of claim 25 ,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit further defines the frequency selector system; and
wherein the selected frequency signal is generated by the photonic integrated circuit.
27. The method of claim 25 ,
wherein the network of drop-out filters corresponds to a plurality of ring resonators associated with respective frequency comb signals of the frequency comb; and
wherein spatially separating the frequency comb signals comprises altering an optical path length of a ring resonator to a target optical path length, thereby causing the ring resonator to resonate at a ring frequency, the ring frequency matching the comb frequency of one of the frequency comb signals.
28. The method of claim 16 , wherein altering the selected frequency signal comprises modulating the selected frequency signal according to a single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) modulation.
29. The method of claim 16 , comprising:
determining, by operation of a control system, a difference between the target output frequency of the laser system and an updated target output frequency of the laser system,
transmitting, by operation of the control system, a control signal to the frequency selector system based on the difference, and
generating, by operation of the frequency selector system, a second selected frequency signal based on the control signal.
30. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the comb frequencies of the frequency comb signals are separated from each other by a common frequency spacing; and
wherein altering the selected frequency signal comprises altering the selected frequency signal by a frequency magnitude no less than the common frequency spacing.