Lubricant blends and methods for improving lubricity of brine-based drilling fluids
The present disclosure provides methods and lubricant blends for increasing lubricity of a brine-based drilling fluid having an alkaline pH and a threshold divalent cation concentration. An embodiment of the methods herein comprise providing a produced water or a brine having a threshold divalent cation concentration and an alkaline pH; adding to the produced water or brine at least one source of free fatty acids; and optionally further adding a dispersant. Also provided are brine-based drilling fluids produced by the methods and lubricant blends disclosed herein. Also, provided are methods for improving lubricity in a wellbore during drilling operations, which comprise, combining in a modulated manner, a quantity of a produced water or brine and a quantity of a lubricant blend comprising at least one source of free fatty acids and a dispersant, to target formation of a semi-solid lubricant that adheres to downhole surfaces.
1. A method for increasing the lubricity of a brine-based drilling fluid having an alkaline pH, the method comprising:
providing a produced water or a brine having a threshold divalent cation concentration and an alkaline pH;
adding to the produced water or brine at least one source of free fatty acids; and
adding to the produced water or brine a dispersant, wherein the dispersant comprises an imidazoline.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of adding the at least one source of fatty acids to the produced water or brine is at an amount and/or rate sufficient to induce formation of a semi-solid lubricant within the brine-based drilling fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold divalent cation concentration is at least 1000 mg/L.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold divalent cation concentration comprises a threshold magnesium concentration is at least 500 mg/L.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the threshold magnesium concentration is at least 1000 mg/L.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the produced water or brine comprises a step of increasing the pH to above at least 7.0.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the produced water or brine is at least 9.0.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pH of the produced water or brine is at least 10.5.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold divalent cation concentration comprises a threshold calcium concentration of at least 500 mg/L.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the threshold calcium concentration is at least 1000 mg/L.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced water or brine is brought to or above the threshold divalent cation concentration by adding magnesium and/or calcium.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one source of free fatty acids is a mixture of a vegetable oil and one or more fatty acids.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mixture is the vegetable oil and oleic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one source of free fatty acids comprises at least 60% by weight oleic acid.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a fatty imidazoline ethyl-sulfate quaternary.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises or is 1:1 TOFA-AEEA imidazoline quaternized with diethylsulfate.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant and the at least one source of free fatty acids are added to the produced water or brine together in a lubricant blend.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lubricant blend comprises:
between about 40% and about 60% by weight vegetable oil;
between about 40% and about 60% by weight oleic acid; and
between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight fatty imidazoline ethyl-sulfate quaternary.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the lubricant blend comprises:
between about 45% and about 55% by weight canola oil;
between about 45% and about 55% by weight oleic acid; and
between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight 1:1 TOFA-AEEA imidazoline quaternized with diethylsulfate.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lubricant blend comprises:
between about 60% and about 80% by weight oleic acid; and
between about 0.1% and about 10% by weight fatty imidazoline ethyl-sulfate quaternary.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lubricant blend comprises:
about 95% by weight fatty acids, the fatty acids comprising at least 60% by weight oleic acid; and
about 5% by weight dispersant being 1:1 TOFA-AEEA imidazoline quaternized with diethylsulfate.