Granted Patent B1

US 12,633,752 · App. 19/402,787 · Granted May 19, 2026

Inventor: Wen Li (El Segundo, CA)

Assignee: Apollo Investments, LLC

H02J3/38B60L53/53H02J3/32

Abstract

Claims (38)

1 . An advanced hybrid distributed energy resource (AHDER) system comprising:

a fuel power generator system (FPGS) configured to utilize alternative fuel to produce electricity;

a main control center (MCC) electrically coupled to the FPGS and an electric power grid, the MCC configured to import power from and export power to the electric power grid;

a battery energy storage system (BESS) electrically coupled to the MCC and configured to store excess energy and provide electric power;

a fast-charging system (FCS) electrically coupled to the MCC and configured to receive AC power from the MCC and convert the AC power to DC power for charging electric equipment;

an emission control subsystem (ECS) fluidly coupled to an exhaust outlet of the FPGS and configured to reduce pollutants emitted by the FPGS;

a combined heat and power (CHP) system electrically coupled to the MCC and thermally and electrically coupled to the ECS, the CHP system configured to recover waste heat from an emission of the FPGS for generating electricity and thermal energy; and

a CO 2 capture system configured to receive thermal energy from the CHP system and treat exhaust from the ECS for producing liquid CO 2 .

2 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the FPGS comprises one or more reciprocating engines or microturbines with fuel-flexible intake capable of switching between at least two types of hydrocarbon-based fuels.

3 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the MCC comprises an energy management system (EMS) configured to provide real-time optimization of fuel consumption, a state-of-charge of the BESS, thermal energy distribution, and charging demand of the AHDER.

4 . The AHDER system of claim 3 , wherein the EMS is configured to select an operation mode of the AHDER system from a plurality of operation modes comprising:

a. Normal Mode, in which the EMS simultaneously dispatching the FPGS, the CHP, and the BESS while importing power from and exporting power to the electric power grid;

b. Peak Shaving Mode, in which the EMS discharges the BESS within its 80%˜90% state of charge (SOC) to cap grid import below Time-of-Use (TOU) thresholds;

c. Off-Grid Mode, in which the EMS isolates the AHDER from the electric power grid and sustains fast-charging and CO 2 capture using only the FPGS, the CHP, and the BESS;

d. Fast-Charge Priority Mode, in which the EMS allocates at least 90% of available power to the FCS while curtailing non-essential loads;

e. Black Start Mode, in which the EMS initializes the FPGS using the BESS without using power from the electric power grid;

f. CO 2 Maximization Mode, in which the EMS diverts 100% of thermal output from the CHP system to the CO 2 Capture System for high pressure or liquid CO 2 production;

g. Export Maximization Mode, in which the EMS ramps the FPGS and CHP system power exporting via a power outlet of the MCC;

h. General-Purpose Outlet Mode, in which the MCC provides remaining power to the power outlet for non-essential loads curtailed; and

i. Maintenance Mode, in which the EMS reduces load of the AHDER system to 20% while cycling one or more of the FPGS, the ECS, the CHP system, the CO 2 Capture System, the BESS, and the FCS for safe servicing.

5 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Normal Mode, the EMS automatically balances, within ±0.1% in real time, P_supply=P_generator+P_CHP+P_BESS_out+P_grid against P_charging+P_sub+P_BESS_in+P_export within ±0.1% in real time,

wherein P_supply is an overall power supply of the AHDER system, P_generator is a power output of the FPGS, P_CHP is a power output of the CHP system, P_BESS_out is a power output of the BESS, P_grid is a power output of the electric power grid, P_charging is an amount of power consumed by electric equipment charging from the FCS, P_sub is an amount of all power consumed by the operation of the FPGS, the MCC, the BESS, the FCS, the ECS, the CHP system, and the CO 2 capture system, P_BESS_in is the power charged back to BESS subsystem and P_export is an amount of power exported to the electric power grid and the power outlet.

6 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Peak Shaving Mode, the EMS executes a pre-programmed 15-minute forecast to discharge the BESS within its 80%˜90% SOC.

7 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Off-Grid Mode, the EMS sheds non-critical loads within 50 ms while sustaining both fast-charging provided by the FCS and CO 2 capturing by the CO 2 capture system.

8 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Fast-Charge Priority Mode, the EMS dynamically limits CO 2 capture parasitic load to redirect power to the FCS for simultaneous charging of a plurality of electric equipment.

9 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Black Start Mode, the EMS uses the BESS to spin the FPGS from 0 to 1 MW in less than 90 seconds.

10 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the CO 2 Maximization Mode, the EMS opens a thermal valve to 100% to boost CO 2 regeneration and yield CO 2 products.

11 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , wherein, when in the Export Maximization Mode, the EMS synchronizes the FPGS and the CHP to deliver maximum power to the electric power grid.

12 . The AHDER system of claim 4 , when in the Maintenance Mode, the EMS reduces fuel flow to the FPGS to 20%, cycles selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst heaters of the ECS, and logs all temperatures for predictive analytics.

13 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the FCS is configured to deliver 0.5˜1,000 MW of DC power at 400-1500 V and support a plurality of charging protocols; and

wherein the FCS is further configured to perform ground fault detection and emergency shutdown.

14 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the BESS has a capacity of 0.5˜2,000 MWh and is configured to perform peak shaving, frequency regulation, synthetic inertia, and black start capability, with a minimum cycle life of 3,000˜6,000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge.

15 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the ECS is configured to employ selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with urea or ammonia injection to reduce NO x level to 2˜9 ppm or less.

16 . The AHDER system of claim 15 , wherein the ECS comprises oxidation catalysts for reducing SO x , CO, VOCs, or particulate matter.

17 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the CHP system is configured to recover waste heat from an exhaust and jacket water of the FPGS to generate electricity and supply thermal energy to the CO 2 capture system.

18 . The AHDER system of claim 17 , wherein the CHP system is configured to generate the electricity via an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) or steam turbine.

19 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 capture system uses amine-based chemical absorption to capture greater than 90% of CO 2 , with regeneration driven by thermal energy from the CHP subsystem, producing liquid CO 2 with greater than 99.9% purity.

20 . The AHDER system of claim 1 , wherein the alternative fuel comprises one of hydrocarbon-based fuels comprising natural gas, renewable natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, and syngas.

Assignments (1)

Continuity (1)

References Cited (9)