US 4751180A
· Cousens et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4935233A
· Bell et al.
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 5418618A
· Kagawa et al.
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5428130A
· Capon et al.
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5804413A
· DeLuca
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5808656A
· Goldmann
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5837532A
· Preston et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5846782A
· Wickham et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5968508A
· Goldfine et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6001650A
· Colosi
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6043056A
· Yue et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6156303A
· Russell et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6358923B1
· Yue et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6455495B1
· Orgel et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6498617B1
· Shida et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6596535B1
· Carter
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6730822B1
· Ivarie et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6825396B2
· MacArthur
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6875588B2
· Harvey et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 7125717B2
· Carter
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7294507B2
· Harvey et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7312374B2
· Rapp et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7318919B2
· Gregory et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7323542B2
· Balian
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7456683B2
· Takano et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7507873B2
· Harvey et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7521591B2
· Ivarie et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7531167B2
· Glorioso et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7534929B2
· Ivarie et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7858297B2
· Girard et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7888372B2
· Millan et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7902151B2
· Gorczynski et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7960529B2
· Crine et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8519214B2
· Ivarie et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8846603B2
· Quinn et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 9540621B2
· Quinn et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9642869B2
· Reddy et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9642896B1
· Braddock et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9744219B2
· Braddock et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9867870B2
· Braddock et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9913881B2
· Braddock et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20010051065A1
· Togami
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20020108132A1
· Rapp
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20040224893A1
· Wang et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20060074255A1
· Takayama et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070015145A1
· Woolf et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080273206A1
· Genge et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20090180989A1
· Harvey
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20100184672A1
· McCarty et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20100203076A1
· Fotin-Mleczek et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20120009592A1
· Froguel et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20140154774A1
· Quinn et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20150024460A1
· Quinn et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20160184458A1
· Heartlein
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 20170145393A1
· Quinn et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 20180371434A1
· Braddock et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
DE 20121960U1
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
EP 2368999B1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
EP 3298140A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP H04292169A
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
JP 2008188015A
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
JP 2014509851A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
JP 2014509617A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
JP 2016530899A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
JP 2018511346A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP 2018527882A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP 6894664B2
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
RU 2272841C2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
RU 2013142583A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO 9102788A1
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
WO 9604394A1
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
WO 9815637A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO 9906583A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO 1999019495A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO 2000032217A1
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO 0239994A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 2002092020A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 03040340A2
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006039480A2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006059113A2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006135925A2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006135935A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2008065225A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO 2008105911A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO 2011113027A2
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012125182A1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2014126965A2
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO 2016100803A2
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 2016187408A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017087936A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017191274A2
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017218786A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018027024A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018157165A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019067502A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019217373A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2020047520A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO 2020150716A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2020206302A1
· 2020
[cited by examiner]
WO 2021252549A1
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
WO 2022076848A1
· 2022
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Application No. PCT/US2021/036494, issued Dec. 13, 2022, 18 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2021/036494, mailed Feb. 12, 2021, 28 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Jansen , et al., “ABCC6 prevents ectopic mineralization seen in pseudoxanthoma elasticum by inducing cellular nucleotide release”, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110(50), 2013, 20206-20211.
[cited by applicant]
Jansen , et al., “ABCC6-mediated ATP secretion by the liver is the main source of the mineralization inhibitor Inorganic pyrophosphate in the systemic circulation-brief report”, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 34(9), 201…
[cited by applicant]
Jansen , et al., “Proteolytic maturation and activation of autotaxin (NPP2), a secreted metastasis-enhancing lysophospholipase D”, J Cell Sci. 118(Pt 14), 2005, 3081-3089.
[cited by applicant]
Jansen , et al., “Structure of NPP1, an ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase involved in tissue calcification”, Structure. 20(11), 2012, 1948-1959.
[cited by applicant]
Jia, et al., “A novel model of adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy in mice”, BMC Nephrology 2013, 14: 116.
[cited by applicant]
Jiang, et al., “Aberrant Mineralization of Connective Tissues in a Mouse Model of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Systemic and Local Regulatory Factors”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007, 127(6): 1392-1402.
[cited by applicant]
Jin-Hua , et al., “Molecular Cloning and Chromosomal Localization of PD-Iβ (PDNP3), a New Member of the Human Phosphodiesterase I Genes,” Genomics 45, 1997, 412-415.
[cited by applicant]
Johnson , et al., “Matrix vesicle plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 regulates mineralization by murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells”, J Bone Miner Res. 14(6), Jun. 1999, 883-892.
[cited by applicant]
Johnson, et al. “The nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase isozyme PC-1 directly promotes cartilage calcification through chondrocyte apoptosis and increased calcium precipitation by mineralizing vesicles.” The J…
[cited by applicant]
Johnson, et al., “Chondrogenesis Mediated by PPi Depletion Promotes Spontaneous Aortic Calcification in NPP1-/-mice” Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 25: 686-691 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Johnson, et al., “Differential mechanisms of inorganic pyrophosphate production by plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 and B10 in chondrocytes”, Arthritis Rheum. 42(9) , 1999 , 1986-1997.
[cited by applicant]
Johnson, et al., “Kabat database and its applications: 30 years after the first variability plot,” Nucleic Acids Res. 28(1), Jan. 2000, 214-218.
[cited by applicant]
Johnson, et al., “Linked deficiencies in extracellular PP(i) and osteopontin mediate pathologic calcification associated with defective PC-1 and ANK expression”, J Bone Miner Res. 18(6) , 2003 , 994-1004.
[cited by applicant]
Kashioulis et al. 2018; Adenine-diced chronic renal failure in rates: A model of chronic renocardiac syndrome with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by preserved ejection fraction. Kidney & Blood Pressure Research.…
[cited by applicant]
Kato , et al., “Crystal structure of Enpp1, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in bone mineralization and insulin signaling”, Proc Natl Arad Sci U S A. 109(42), Oct. 2012, 16876-16881.
[cited by applicant]
Khan, et al., “Experimental Induction of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis in Mice”, The Journal of Urology 2010, vol. 184, Issue 3, 1189-1196.
[cited by applicant]
Khan, et al., “Ultrastrucural Investigation of Crystal deposits in Npt2a knockout mice: Are they similar to Human Randall's plaques?” J Urol. 2011, 186(3): 1107-1113.
[cited by applicant]
Khan, T. et al., “ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy improves blood pressure and cardiovascular function in a mouse model of generalized arterial calcification of infancy,” Disease Models & Mechanisms, 11(10):dmm035691, 1…
[cited by applicant]
Kober, et al., “Optimized Signal Peptides for the Development of High Expressing CHO Cell Lines”, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013, 110(4): 1164-1173.
[cited by applicant]
Lee , et al., “Cloning' chromosomal localization, and tissue expression of autotaxin from human teratocarcinoma ;ells”, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 218(3, 1996, 714-719.
[cited by applicant]
Levy-Litan, et al., “Autosomal-Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Is Associated with an Inactivation Mutation in the ENPP1 Gene”, The American Journal of Human Genetics 86, 273-278, 2010.
[cited by applicant]
Li , et al., “Inhibition of Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Attenuates Ectopic Mineralization in the Abcc6 -/- Mouse Model of PXE but Not in the Enpp1 Mutant Mouse Models of GACI”, J Invest Dermatol. 139(2), Feb…
[cited by applicant]
Li , et al., “Response of Npt2a knockout mice to dietary calcium and phosphorus”, PLoS One. 12(4), 2017, e0176232.
[cited by applicant]
Li, et al. “Serum phosphate concentration and incidence of stroke: a systemic review and meta-analysis.” Neurological sciences 35.12 (2014): 1877-1882.
[cited by applicant]
Li, et al., “Mutant Enpp1 asj mice as a model for generalized arterial calcification of infancy”, Disease Models & Mechanisms 6, 1227-1235 (2013).
[cited by applicant]
Li, Q., et al., “Spontaneous asj-2J mutant mouse as a model for generalized arterial calcification of infancy: a large deletion/insertion mutation in the Enpp1 gene,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, No. 12, Dec. 5, 2014, pp. e113542.
[cited by applicant]
Liang, et al., “Survey of the Enthesopathy of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia and Its Characterization in Hyp Mice”, Calcif. Tissue Int. 2009, 85(3): 235-46.
[cited by applicant]
Lieben , et al., “Normocalcemia is maintained in mice under conditions of calcium malabsorption by vitamin D-induced inhibition of bone mineralization”, J Clin Invest. 122(5), 2012, 1803-1805.
[cited by applicant]
Lock, et al., “Characterization of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Reference Standard Material”, Human Gene Therapy 21: 1273-1285 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Lomashvili, et al., “Phosphate-induced vascular calcification: role of pyrophosphate and osteopontin,” Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 1392-1401, Mar. 4, 2004.
[cited by applicant]
Lust, et al., “A rapid, enzymatic assay for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate in biological samples”, Clinica Chimica Acta 66, 1976, 241-249.
[cited by applicant]
MacKenzie et al. 2012; New insights into NPP1 function: Lessons from clinical and animal studies. Bone. 51:961-968.
[cited by applicant]
MacKenzie, et al., “Altered Bone Development and an Increase in FGF-23 Expression in Enpp1 -/- Mice”, PLoS one 2012, 7(2): e32177.
[cited by applicant]
Millán , et al., “Enzyme replacement therapy for murine hypophosphatasia”, J Bone Miner Res. 23(6), Jun. 2008, 777-787.
[cited by applicant]
Morrison, et al., “Experimentally Induced Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the Rat”, Laboratory Investigation vol. 11, 1962, 321-332.
[cited by applicant]
Murphy, et al., “Synthesis and in vitro hydroxyapatite binding of peptides conjugated to calcium-binding moieties,” Biomacromolecules, 8:2237-2243 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Mus musculus domesticus ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 mRNA, complete cds, GenBank J027002, Aug. 12, 2020 searched.
[cited by applicant]
Nagase, et al., Uniprot Submission Accession No. Q9Y6X5 (online at <www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y6X5.txt?uersion=66>), 2011.
[cited by applicant]
Nakamura, et al., “Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)”, Human Genetics, 1999, 104(6): 492-497.
[cited by applicant]
Nakanishi, et al. “Development and therapeutic application of transposon-based vectors.” Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 129.12 (2009): 1433-1443.
[cited by applicant]
Nishioka, et al., “Enhancement of drug delivery to bone: characterization of human tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase tagged with an acidic oligopeptide,” Molecular Genetics and Metabolism vol. 88, Issue 3, Jul. 20…
[cited by applicant]
Nitschke, Y et al., “Npp1 promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice,” Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol. 15(11):2273-2283 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Nitschke, Y., et al., “ENPP1-Fc prevents neointima formation in generalized arterial calcification of infancy through the generation of AMP,” Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Oct. 2018, vol. 50, No. 10, Article 139,…
[cited by applicant]
Nitschke, Y., et al., “Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: two sides of the same coin,” Frontiers in Genetics 2012, vol. 3 302, 3 pages.
[cited by applicant]
O'Neill, et al., “Treatment with pyrophosphate inhibits uremic vascular calcification,” International Society of Nephrology, 512-517, Mar. 2011.
[cited by applicant]
Oganesyan, et al., “Structural characterization of a human Fc fragment engineered for extended serum half-life,” Molecular Immunology vol. 46, No. 8-9, 2009, pp. 1750-1755.
[cited by applicant]
Ogilvie, et al., Identification and partial characterization of an adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)adenosine hydrolase on intact bovine aortic endothelial cells, Biochem J. 259(1) ,1989 ,97-103.
[cited by applicant]
Okawa , et al., “Mutation in Npps in a mouse model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine”, Nat Genet. 19(3), Jul. 1998, 271-273.
[cited by applicant]
Chen, et al., “Fusion Protein Linkers: Property, Design and Functionality”, Adv Drug Deliv Rev., 65 (10), pp. 1357-1369, Oct. 15, 2013 (Oct. 15, 2013).
[cited by applicant]
Ferreira, C., et al., “Prospective phenotyping of long-term survivors of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI),” Genet Med. Feb. 2021;23(2):396-407.
[cited by applicant]
Genbank Accession No. XP _006144365.1, Retrieved from the Internet «https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_006144365.1? report=genbank&log$=protalign&blast_rank=92&RI D=X9E 1 SC3Z016», Retrieved on Feb. 20, 2024.
[cited by applicant]
Goding , et al., “Ecto-phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase of lymphocytes and non-lymphoid cells: Structure and function of the PC-1 family,” Immunological Reviews, 161: 11-26 (1998).
[cited by applicant]
Kassim, et al. (Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology vol. 14, Issue 5 May 2016 pp. 307-309).
[cited by applicant]
Koike, et al., “The N-terminal hydrophobic sequence of autotaxin (ENPP2) functions as a signal peptide”, Genes to Cells, 11 (2), pp. 133-142, Jan. 4, 2006.
[cited by applicant]
Luthje, et al., Diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) mediates human platelet aggregation by liberation of ADP, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 118(3) , 1984 , 704-709.
[cited by applicant]
NCBI Accession No. NM_006208, Mar. 2001.
[cited by applicant]
Nitschke, Y., et al., “Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum can be caused by mutations in either ENPP1 or ABCC6,” Am J Hum Genet. Jan. 13, 2012;90(1):25-39.
[cited by applicant]
Nitschke, Y., et al., “Inherited Arterial Calcification Syndromes: Etiologies and Treatment Concepts,” Curr Osteoporos Rep. Aug. 2017;15(4):255-270.
[cited by applicant]
Okada, et al., “Scalable purification of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) and AAV8 vectors, using dual ion-exchange adsorptive membranes”, Human Gene Therapy vol. 20, 2009, 1013-1021.
[cited by applicant]
Printout of bleeding disorders from the American Society of Hematology, downloaded Sep. 11, 2017 from world wide web.iematology.org/Patients?Bleeding.aspx, 5 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Yin, et al. “Glycoengineering of Chinese hamster ovary cells for enhanced erythropoietin N-glycan branching and sialylation.” Biotechnology and bioengineering 112.11 (2015): 2343-2351.
[cited by applicant]
Otero, J., et al., “Severe Skeletal Toxicity From Protracted Etidronate Therapy for Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy,” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2013, vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 419-430.
[cited by applicant]
Papadakis, et al., “Promoters and Control Elements: Designing Expression Cassettes for Gene Therapy”, Current Gene Therapy, 2004, 4, 89-113.
[cited by applicant]
Parati et al. 2016; “Hypertension in chronic kidney disease Part 1.” Hypertension. 67(6): 1093-1101.
[cited by applicant]
Parfitt, et al., “Bone histomorphometry: Standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units: Report of the asbmr histomorphometry nomenclature committee”, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research vol. 2, 1987, 595-610.
[cited by applicant]
Pharmacokinetic Control of Biopharmaceuticals, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Japan, 2014, 27-32 (Partial Translation).
[cited by applicant]
Rashdan, N.A. et al., “New perspectives on rare connective tissue calcifying diseases,” Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 28:14-23 (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Rath, et al. “Fc-fusion proteins and FcRn: structural insights for longer-lasting and more effective therapeutics.” Critical reviews in biotechnology 35.2 (2015): 235-254.
[cited by applicant]
Ratkalkar, et al., “Mechanisms of Stone Formation”, Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 9(3-4), 2011, 187-197.
[cited by applicant]
Rezg, R., et al., “Inhibitors of Vascular Calcification as Potential Therapeutic Targets”, J. Nephrol, Jul.-Aug. (2011), vol. 24, No. 4: pp. 416-427.
[cited by applicant]
Robbie, et al. “A novel investigational Fc-modified humanized monoclonal antibody, motavizumab-YTE, has an axtended half-life in healthy adults.” Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 57.12 (2013): 6147-6153.
[cited by applicant]
Rogers, et al. “Recombinant human serum albumin fusion proteins and novel applications in drug delivery and therapy.” Current pharmaceutical design 21.14 (2015): 1899-1907. Abstract.
[cited by applicant]
Rosenfeld, et al., “Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of a Recombinant Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Gene to the Lung Epithelium in Vivo”, Science vol. 252, 1991, 431-434.
[cited by applicant]
Rosenfeld, et al., “In Vivo Transfer of the Human Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene to the Airway Epithelium”, 1992, Cell 68: 143-155.
[cited by applicant]
Rutsch, et al., “Mutations in ENPP1 are associated with ‘idiopathic’ infantile arterial calcification,” Nature Genetics, 34: (4) 379-381 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Rutsch, F. et al., “Genetics in Arterial Calcification Pieces of a Puzzle and Cogs in a Wheel,” Circulation Research, vol. 109:578-592 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Rutsch, F. et al., “Hypophosphatemia, Hyperphosphaturia, and Bisphosphonate Treatment Are Associated With Survival Beyond Infancy in Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy,” Circ Cardiovasc Genet., vol. 1(2): 133…
[cited by applicant]
Sahota, et al., “Novel cystine ester mimics for the treatment of cystinuria-induced urolithiasis in a knockout mouse model”, Urology 2014, 84(5): 1249 e9-15.
[cited by applicant]
Sakagami, et al., Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel choline-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase belonging to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family, J Biol Chem. 280 ,24…
[cited by applicant]
Saunders, et al., “Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of autotaxin that inhibit melanoma cell migration and invasion” Mol. Cancer Ther. 7(10): 3352-62 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Saunders, et al., Kinetic analysis of autotaxin reveals substrate-specific catalytic pathways and a mechanism for lysophosphatidic acid distribution, J Biol Chem. 286(34), 2011,30130-30141.
[cited by applicant]
Sayer “Progress in understanding the genetics of calcium-containing nephrolithiasis.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 28.3 (2017): 748-759.
[cited by applicant]
Schetter, et al., “Nucleoporins NPP-1, NPP-3, NPP-4, NPP-11 and NPP-13 are required for proper spindle orientation in C. elegans”, Dev Biol. 289(2), Jan. 15, 2006, 360-371.
[cited by applicant]
Schmidt, “Fusion Proteins as Biopharmaceuticals—Applications and Challenges,” Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development, 12:1-12 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Schwartz, et al., “Clinical Evaluation of Live, Oral Types 1,2, and 5 Adenovirus Vaccines”, American Review of Respiratory Disease vol. 109, 1974, 233-238.
[cited by applicant]
Serrano, R. et al., “Mono-allelic and bi-allelic ENPP1 deficiency promote post-injury neointimal hyperplasia associated with increased C/EBP homologous protein expression”, Atherosclerosis, vol. 233 (2):493-502 (2014).
[cited by applicant]
Shankar , et al., “Progeria-A Brief Review”, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2, 2010, 1-14.
[cited by applicant]
Shaw, G., et al., “Preferential transformation of human neuronal cells by human adenoviruses and the origin of HEK 293 cells,” FASEB J. 16, 2002, 19 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Sheehan , et al., “Genetic modifiers of sickle cell anemia in the BABY HUG cohort: influence on laboratory and clinical phenotypes”, Am J Hematol. 88(7), 2013, 571-576.
[cited by applicant]
Shimamura, et al., “A Progressive Glomerulosclerosis Occuring in Partial Five-sixths Nephrectomized Rats”, Am. J. Pathol. 1975, 79(1): 95-106.
[cited by applicant]
Silcox , et al., “Measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate in biological fluids. Elevated levels in some patients with Ostecorthritis, pseudogout, acromegaly, and uremia”, J Clin Invest. 52(8), Aug. 1973, 1863-1870.
[cited by applicant]
Singer, M., et al., Genes and Genomes, “Mir”, Moscow, 1998, vol. 1, pp. 1-369, in Russian. English translation of relevant parts.
[cited by applicant]
Siu, S., et al., “Variable patterns of ectopic mineralization in Enpp1asj-2J mice, a model for generalized arterial calcification of infancy,” Oncotarget, 2016, vol. 7, No. 51, pp. 83837-83842.
[cited by applicant]
Stefan , et al., “NPP-type ectophosphodiesterases: unity in diversity.”, Trends Biochem Sci. 30(10), Oct. 2005, 542-550.
[cited by applicant]
Terkeltaub , “Physiologic and pathologic functions of the NPP nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family focusing on NPP1 in calcification.”, Purinergic Signal. 2(2), Jun. 2, 2006, 371-377.
[cited by applicant]
Tsai , et al., “The Ectoenzyme E-NPP3 Negatively Regulates ATP—Dependent Chronic Allergic Responses by basophils and Mast Cells”, Immunity 42, Feb. 2015, 279-293.
[cited by applicant]
UniProt Accession No. O14638, ENPP3 Human, Jan. 7, 2015 [online]. [Retrieved on Jan. 19, 2017]. Retrieved from the internet <URL: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14638.txt?version=133>.
[cited by applicant]
Uniprot, Accession No. P22413, 2009, www.uniprot.org. (Year: 2009).
[cited by applicant]
Van Meeteren , et al., “Inhibition of autotaxin by lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate”, J Biol Chem. 280(22), Jun. 2005, 21155-21161.
[cited by applicant]
Villa-Bellosta, et al., “Defective Extracellular Pyrophosphate Metabolism Promotes Vascular Calcification in a Mouse Model of Hutchinson-Gilfrd Progeria Syndrome That is Ameliorated on Pyrophosphate Treatment”, Circulat…
[cited by applicant]
Virag, et al., “ Producing Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus in Foster Cells: Overcoming Production Limitations Using a Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression Strategy”, Human Gene Therapy 20: 807-817 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Vollmayer, et al., Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates by nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases, Eur J Biochem. 270(14) ,2003 ,2971-2978.
[cited by applicant]
Wagner, et al., “Nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA vol. 78, No. 3, 1981, 1441-1445.
[cited by applicant]
Wang, et al., “Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Studies of a Bone-targeting Drug Delivery System Based on N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) Copolymers,” Molecular Pharmaceutics 3(6): 717-725 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Ware, et al., “Targeted disruption of the low-affinity leukemia inhibitory factor receptor gene causes placental, skeletal, neural and metabolic defects and results in perinatal death”, Development 121, 1283-1299 (1995).
[cited by applicant]
Whisstock, et al., “Prediction of proteinfunction fromprotein sequence and structure”, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 36, 3 (2003), pp., 2003, 307-340.
[cited by applicant]
Witkowski , et al., “Conversion of a Beta-Ketoacyl Synthase to a Malonyl Decarboxylase by Replacement of the Active-Site Cysteine With Glutamine”, Biochemistry 38(36), Sep. 1999, 11643-11650.
[cited by applicant]
Wu, et al., “Hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy in urate oxidase-deficient mice”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA vol. 91, 742-746 (1994).
[cited by applicant]
Wu, et al., “Interstitial Calcinosis in Renal Papillae of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models: Relation to Randall's Plaques”, Urolithiasis 43, 65-76 (2015).
[cited by applicant]
Yamamoto, et al., “Identification of a Functional Promoter in the Long Terminal Repeat of Rous Sarcoma Virus”, Cell vol. 22, 1980, 787-797.
[cited by applicant]
Zee, et al., “α-Lipoic acid treatment prevents cystine urolithiasis in a mouse model of cystinuria”, Nat Med. 2017, 23(3): 288-290.
[cited by applicant]
Zettervall, S., et al., “Association of arterial calcification with chronic limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease,” Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb. 2018, vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 507-513.
[cited by applicant]
Zhang , et al., “The interaction of cationic polymers and their bisphosphonate derivatives with hydroxyapatite”, Macromol Biosci. 7(5), May 10, 2007, 656-670 (Abstract Only).
[cited by applicant]
Zhang, et al., “Adenovirus-Adeno-Associated Virus Hybrid for Large-Scale Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production”, Human Gene Therapy 2009, vol. 20, No. 9, 922-929.
[cited by applicant]
Zhang, et al., Investigation of the role of ENPP1 and TNAP genes in chondrocalcinosis, Rheumatology, vol. 46, Issue 4, Apr. 2007, pp. 586-589.
[cited by applicant]
Japan Patent Office, Notice of Reasons for Refusal for Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-575745, dated May 21, 2025 with English translation, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed] “Breeding Strategies for Maintaining Colonies of Laboratory Mice: A Jackson Laboratory Resource Manual”, 2007, 1-29.
[cited by applicant]
Agapov, et al., “Noncytopathic Sindbis virus RNA vectors for heterologous gene expression”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA vol. 95, 1998, 12989-12994.
[cited by applicant]
Albright, et al., “ENPP1-Fc prevents mortality and vascular calcifications in rodent model of generalized arterial calcification of infancy”, Nat Commun. 6, 2015, 10006.
[cited by applicant]
Albright, et al., “Molecular basis of purinergic signal metabolism by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 4 and 1 and implications in stroke”, J Biol Chem. 289(6) ,2014 , 3294-3306.
[cited by applicant]
Albright, et al., “NPP4 is a procoagulant enzyme on the surface of vascular endothelium”, Blood. 120(22) ,2012 , 4432-4440.
[cited by applicant]
Altschul, et al., “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool”, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 215, Issue 3, 1990, 403-410.
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous , “UPI000511D809”, Retrieved from the Internet Mar. 7, 2019, <https://www.uniprot.org/uniparc/UPI000 511D809>, Oct. 2014.
[cited by applicant]
Apschner, A., et al., “Pathological mineralization in a zebrafish enpp1 mutant exhibits features of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI) and Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)”, Disease Models & Mechanisms, …
[cited by applicant]
Ayuso, et al., Production, Purification and Characterization of Aden-Associated Vectors, Current Gene Therapy 2010, 10:423-436.
[cited by applicant]
Baheti et al., “Excipients used in lyophilization of small molecules” IPEC-Americas Inc., p. 41-54, Jun. 2010.
[cited by applicant]
Beck et al., “Therapeutic Fc-fusion Proteins and Peptides as Successful Alternatives to Antibodies,” 3:5, 415-416 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Belisário , et al., “Association between ENPP1 K173Q and stroke in a newborn cohort of 395 Brazilian children with sickle cell anemia”, Blood. 126(10), 2015, 1259-1260.
[cited by applicant]
Belli, et al., “Identification and characterization of a soluble form of the plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1 (5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase),” European Journal of Biochemistry, 217, 421-428, Feb. 1993.
[cited by applicant]
Benoist, et al., “In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promoter region”, Nature 290, 1981, 304-310.
[cited by applicant]
Bertrand, et al., “Decreased levels of nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 are associated with cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis and trigger osteoarthritic changes in mice”, Annals of the Rheumatic Di…
[cited by applicant]
Blytt, et al., “Assay of Covalent Intermediate of 5′—Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase” Analytical Biochemistry vol. 147, Issue 2, 1985, 517-520.
[cited by applicant]
Boshart, et al., “A Very Strong Enhancer Is Located Upstream of an Immediate Early Gene of Human Cytomegalovirus,” Cell vol. 41, Issue 2, 1985, 521-530.
[cited by applicant]
Braddock, et al., “Protein Engineering and Glycan Optimization Improves Pharmicokinetics of an Enzyme Biologic 10-fold,” FASEB Journal vol. 33, No. Suppl. 1, 2019, p. 801.1 (Abstract).
[cited by applicant]
Buckley , et al., “Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location”, J Biol Chem. 265(29), Oct. 1990, 17506-17511.
[cited by applicant]
Caballero , et al., “Impaired urinary osteopontin excretion in Npt2a-/- mice”, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 312(1), 2017, F77-F83.
[cited by applicant]
Casales, et al., “Development of a new noncytopathic Semliki Forest virus vector providing high expression levels and stability”, Virology 376 (2008) 242-251.
[cited by applicant]
Chamow, S. M. et al., “Immunoadhesins: Principles and Applications,” Trends Biotechnol., 14(2); 52-60 (1996).
[cited by applicant]
Cheung, et al., “Analysis of Inorganic Pyrophosphate at the Picomole Level”, Analytical Biochemistry vol. 83, 1977, 61-63.
[cited by applicant]
“Chronic Renal Failure: From the Perspective of Internal Medicine”, Clinical Imagiology 21(11), 2005, 1142-1149 Partial Translation).
[cited by applicant]
Cimpean, et al., “Substrate-specifying determinants of the nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases NPP1 and NPP2”, Biochem J. 381(Pt 1) ,2004, 71-77.
[cited by applicant]
Colella, et al., “Emerging Issues in AAV-Mediated In Vivo Gene Therapy”, Molecular Therapy: Methods & Clinical Development vol. 8, 2018, 87-104.
[cited by applicant]
Dabisch-Ruthe, M., et al., “Pyrophosphates as a major inhibitor of matrix calcification in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum,” Journal of Dermatological Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL, vol. 75, No. 2, May 17, 2014, pp. 109-120.
[cited by applicant]
Dabisch-Ruthe, M., et al., “Variants in genes encoding pyrophosphate metabolizing enzymes are associated with Pseudoxanthoma eslasticum,” Clinical Biochemsitry, 2014, vol. 47, No. 15, pp. 60-67.
[cited by applicant]
Dall'Acqua, et al. “Increasing the affinity of a human IgG1 for the neonatal Fc receptor: biological consequences.” The Journal of Immunology 169.9 (2002): 5171-5180.
[cited by applicant]
Dasgupta , et al., “Mutations in SLC34A3/NPT2c are associated with kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis”, J Am Sac Nephrol. 25(10), 2014, 2366-2375.
[cited by applicant]
Di Lullo et al. 2015; Left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease patients: From pathophysiology to treatment. CardioRenal Medicine. 5: 254-266.
[cited by applicant]
Dimatteo, et al., “Role of somatomedin-B-like domains on ENPP1 inhibition of insulin signaling,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Molecular Cell Research vol. 1833, No. 3, 2012, pp. 552-558.
[cited by applicant]
Dohler, et al. “Crystal structure and substrate binding mode of ectonucleotide phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase-3 (NPP3),” Scientific reports 8.1 (2018): 1-13.
[cited by applicant]
Eller, et al. “Impact of ENPP1 genotype on arterial calcification in patients with end-stage renal failure”, Nephrol Dial Transplant. 23(1), 2008, 321-327.
[cited by applicant]
Fang, L., et al., “Pdgf C Is A Selective alpha Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Agonist That Is Highly Expressed in Platelet alpha Granules and Vascular Smooth Muscle,” Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 2004,…
[cited by applicant]
Flanagan , et al., “Genetic mapping and exome sequencing identify 2 mutations associated with stroke protection in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia”, Blood. 121(16), 2013, 3237-3245.
[cited by applicant]
Flanagan, et al., “Soluble Fc fusion proteins for biomedical research,” in Monoclonal Antibodies, Methods and Protocols, et. By Albitar, Methods in Molecular Biology, (2007) vol. 378, 33-52.
[cited by applicant]
Fleisch , et al., “Inhibitors and promoters of stone formation”, Kidney Int. 13(5), 1978, 361-371.
[cited by applicant]
Frolov, et al., “Selection of RNA Replicons Capable of Persistent Noncytopathic Replication in Mammalian Cells”, Journal of Virology, 1999, 3854-3865.
[cited by applicant]
Gijsbers , et al., “Functional characterization of the non-catalytic ectodomains of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP1”, Biochem J. 371(Pt 2), Apr. 15, 2003, 321-330.
[cited by applicant]
Gijsbers , et al., “The hydrolysis of lysophospholipids and nucleotides by autotaxin (NPP2) involves a single catalytic site,” FEBS Letters, 538:60-64 (2003).
[cited by applicant]
Gijsbers, et al., “Structural and Catalytic Similarities between Nucleotide Pyrophosphatases/Phosphodiesterases and Alkaline Phosphatases”, The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol. 276, No. 2, 2001, 1361-1368.
[cited by applicant]
Goding , et al., “Physiological and pathophysiological functions of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family”, Biochim Biophys Acta. 1638(1), 2003, 1-19.
[cited by applicant]
Goldman, et al., Hydrolysis of diadenosine 5′,5″-P′,PΔ-triphosphate (Ap3A) by porcine aortic endothelial cells, Circ Res. 59(3) , 1986 , 362-366.
[cited by applicant]
Green, et al., “Analysis of human tonsil and cancer DNAs and RNAs for DNA sequences of group C (serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6) human adenoviruses”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979, vol. 76, No. 12, 6606-6610.
[cited by applicant]
Guan, et al., “Peptide-Targeted Polyglutamic Acid Doxorubicin Conjugates for the Treatment of αvB6-Positive Cancers,” Bioconjug Chem., 19:1813-1821 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Guanabens, N., et al., “Calcific Periarthritis as the Only Clinical Manifestation of Hypophosphatasia in Middle-Aged Sisters,” Journal of Bone ande Mineral Research, 2014, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 929-934.
[cited by applicant]
Guo et al., “Clinical outcomes of various continued antiplatelet therapies in patients who were administered DAPT following the implantation of drug-eluting stents and developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage”, Exp Ther Me…
[cited by applicant]
Halbert, et al., “AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer to Mouse Lungs”, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 246, 2004, 201-212.
[cited by applicant]
Huang, “Receptor-Fc Fusion Therapeutics, traps, and MIMETIBODY Technology,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20:692-699 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Pakula et al., Genetic analysis of protein stability and function, Ann. Rev. Genet., 23: 289-310 (Dec. 1989).
[cited by applicant]
Keskin et al., A new, structurally nonredundant, diverse data set of protein-protein interfaces and its implications, Protein Sci., 13(4): 1043-1055 (Apr. 2004).
[cited by applicant]