Monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomers, polymers, and copolymers and coatings containing the same
Monofunctional polyfluorooxetane oligomers, polymers, and co-polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of fluorooxetane monomers with a monoalcohol. In addition to serving as an initiator, the monoalcohol can also serve as a solvent for the fluorooxetane or other monomers to produce oligomers, polymers, or copolymers having low cyclic content. Suitable comonomers generally include various cyclic ethers. The polyfluorooxetane oligomer, polymer, or copolymer having a single hydroxyl end group can be functionalized with a variety of compounds so as to yield a functional end group such as an acrylate, a methacrylate, an allylic, an amine, etc., with the functionalized oligomer or polymer being suitable for use in radiation curable or thermal curable coating compositions. These functionalized polymers can be copolymerized and cured to provide improvements in wetting and surface properties.
1. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition, comprising:
a unit, derived from a fluorooxetane monomer, having the formula
or combinations thereof, where R 1 is derived from a co-initiator solvent monoalcohol, wherein said composition is derived from a solution having less than about 10% by weight of a non-initiator solvent based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said monoalcohol,
where Dp is from about 2 to about 20, where each n is the same or different and independently is an integer from 1 to about 6, R is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and each Rf is the same or different and independently on each repeat unit is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a minimum of 75 percent of the non-carbon atoms of the alkyl being fluorine atoms and optionally the remaining non-carbon atoms being H, I, Cl, or Br, and
said monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer optionally including at least a comonomer unit derived from a monomer containing at least an epoxy (oxirane) functionality, a monomer having a 4-membered cyclic ether group (oxetane); a monomer having a 5-membered cyclic ether group, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxalane, trioxane, or caprolactone; or combinations thereof, in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based upon the total weight of said comonomer and said fluorooxetane monomer, and
said composition having less than about 10% by weight of a cyclic oligomer therein based upon the total weight of said oligomer, and any polymer, or copolymer produced.
2. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 1 , wherein said R 1 is derived from said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol comprising an organic alcohol, a polymeric alcohol, a tetrafluoroethylene based telomer fluoroalcohol, or combinations thereof, and wherein the amount of any cyclic oligomer is less than about 8% by weight.
3. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 2 , wherein said organic alcohol has from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein said polymeric alcohol contains repeat units derived from an alkylene oxide having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and the number of repeat groups is from about 3 to about 30, and wherein said tetrafluoroethylene based telomer is CF 3 CF 2 (CF 2 CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 OH where x is from 1 to about 19,
wherein said Dp is from about 2 to about 10, and
wherein each Rf is the same or different and independently is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl having from 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, said composition having less than about 5% by weight of cyclic oligomer.
4. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 3 , wherein said R 1 is derived from benzyl alcohol, trifluoroethanol, allyl alcohol, heptafluorobutanol, pentafluoropropanol, pentafluorobutanol, nonafluorohexanol, various perfluoroalkylethanols, or combinations thereof, and said composition having less than about 3% by weight of cyclic oligomer.
5. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 4 , wherein said unit derived from said fluorooxetane monomer is said
wherein n is 1 to about 3, wherein R is methyl or ethyl, and wherein Rf contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, wherein Rf contains a minimum of 85% of the non-carbon atoms of the alkyl being fluorine atoms, wherein said Dp is from about 2 to about 4, and said composition having less than about 1 % by weight of cyclic oligomer.
6. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane copolymer composition according to claim 1 , including at least one of said comonomers.
7. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane copolymer composition according to claim 3 , including said comonomer and wherein said comonomer is tetrahydrofuran.
8. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane copolymer composition according to claim 5 , including said comonomer and wherein said comonomer is tetrahydrofuran.
9. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
10. A composition according to claim 3 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
11. A composition according to claim 5 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 3% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
12. A composition according to claim 6 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
13. A composition according to claim 7 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
14. A composition according to claim 8 , wherein said amount of said non-intiator solvent is less than about 3% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
15. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer or polymer composition, comprising:
a unit, derived from a fluorooxetane monomer, having the formula
or combinations thereof, where R 1 is derived from a co-initiator solvent monoalcohol, wherein said composition is derived from a solution having less than about 10% by weight of a non-initiator solvent based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co--initiator solvent monoalcohol,
where Dp is from 2 to about 150, where each n is the same or different and independently is an integer from 1 to about 6, R is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and each Rf is the same or different and independently on each repeat unit is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a minimum of 75 percent of the non-carbon atoms of the alkyl being fluorine atoms and optionally the remaining non-carbon atoms being H, I, Cl, or Br; and
said oligomer or polymer optionally including at least one comonomer unit derived from a monomer containing at least an epoxy (oxirane) functionality, a monomer having a 4-membered cyclic ether group (oxetane); a monomer having a 5-membered cyclic ether group, 1,4-droxane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxalane, trioxane, or caprolactone; or combinations thereof, in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based upon the total weight of said comonomer and said fluorooxetane monomer.
16. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane composition according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 is derived from siad co-initiator solvent monoalcohol comprising an organic alcohol, a polymeric alcohol, a tetrafluoroethylene based telomer fluoroalcohol, or combinations thereof, and wherein said Dp is from 2 to about 50.
17. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane composition according to claim 16 , wherein said organic alcohol has from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein said polymeric alcohol contains repeat units derived from an alkylene oxide having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms wherein the number of said repeat groups is from about 3 to about 30, and wherein said tetrafluoroethylene based telomer is CF 3 CF 2 (CF 2 CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 OH where x is from 1 to about 19,
wherein said Dp is from about 2 to about 20, and
wherein each Rf is the same or different and independently is a linear or branched fluoronated alkyl having from 1 to about 15 carbon atoms.
18. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane composition according to claim 17 , wherein said R 1 is derived from benzyl alcohol, trifluoroethanol, allyl alcohol, heptafluorobutanol, pentafluoropropanol, pentafluorobutanol, nonafluorohexanol, various perfluoroalkylethanols, or combinations thereof, wherein the amount of said non-initiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight, and including said comonomer.
19. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane composition according to claim 18 , wherein said oligomer or polymer is said
wherein n is 1 to about 3, wherein R is methyl or ethyl, and wherein Rf contains from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and has at least 85% of the non-carbon atoms being fluorine atoms, and wherein said comonomer is tetrahydrofuran.
20. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer or polymer composition according to claim 15 , wherein said composition contains an amount of cyclic oligomer which is less than about 8% by weight based upon the total weight of said polyfluorooxetane oligomer, polymer, or any copolymer produced.
21. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 17 , wherein said composition contains an amount of cyclic oligomer which is less than about 8% by weight based upon the total weight of said polyfluorooxetane oligomer, polymer, or any copolymer produced.
22. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 19 , wherein said composition contains an amount of cyclic oligomer which is less than about 2% or less by weight based upon the total weight of said polyfluorooxetane oligomer, polymer, or any copolymer produced.
23. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition, comprising:
a unit, derived from a fluorooxetane monomer, having the formula
where Dp is from about 2 to about 20, where each n is the same or different and independent is an integer from 1 to about 6, R is hydrogen or an alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and each Rf is the same or different and independently on each repeat unit is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a minimum of 75% of the non-carbon atoms of the alkyl being fluorine atoms and optionally the remaining non-carbon atoms being H, I, Cl, or Br,
said oligomer made by reacting a fluorooxetane monomer with a co-initiator solvent monoalcohol either free of a non-initiator solvent or in the presence of less than 10% by weight of a non-initiator solvent based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol, said fluorooxetane monomer having the formula
where R, Rf, and n are as set forth herein above, and
optionally reacting said fluorooxetane monomer with at least one comonomer of an oxirane, a monomer having a 4-membered cyclic ether group (oxetane), a monomer having a 5-membered cyclic ether group, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxalane, trioxane, or caprolactone, or combinations thereof, in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based upon the total weight of said comonomer and said fluorooxetane monomer.
24. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 23 , wherein said R 1 is derived from said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol comprising an organic alcohol, a polymeric alcohol, a tetrafluoroethylene based telomer fluoroalcohol, or combinations thereof, and
wherein said amount of said non-initiator solvent is less than about 5% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.
25. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 24 , wherein said organic alcohol has from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, wherein said polymeric alcohol contains repeat units derived from an alkylene oxide having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and the number of repeat groups is from about 3 to about 30, and wherein said tetrafluoroethylene based telomer is CF 3 CF 2 (CF 2 CF 2 ) x CH 2 CH 2 OH where x is from 1 to about 19,
wherein said Dp is from about 2 to about 10, and
wherein each Rf is the same or different and independently is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl having from 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and including said comonomer and wherein said comonomer is tetrahydrofuran.
26. A monohydric polyfluorooxetane oligomer composition according to claim 25 , wherein said amount of said non-initiator solvent is less than about 3% by weight based upon the total weight of said non-initiator solvent and said co-initiator solvent monoalcohol.