Electrodes linked via conductive oligomers to nucleic acids
The invention relates to nucleic acids covalently coupled to electrodes via conductive oligomers. More particularly, the invention is directed to the site-selective modification of nucleic acids with electron transfer moieties and electrodes to produce a new class of biomaterials, and to methods of making and using them.
1. A composition comprising:
a) an electrode comprising a self-assembled monolayer comprising nucleic acid probes attached to said electrode with a spacer; and
b) a hybridization indicator.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said hybridization indicator is an intercalator.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said hybridization indicator is methylene blue.
4. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a target nucleic acid hybridized to said probe to form a hybridization complex, wherein said hybridization indicator is associated with said hybridization complex.
5. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a co-reductant.
6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said nucleic acid probe is a single stranded nucleic acid.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said nucleic acid probe comprises a double stranded portion.
8. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a soluble electron source.
9. A composition according to claim 8 where said soluble electron source comprises ferricyanide.
10. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said spacer is a conductive oligomer.
11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said spacer is an insulator.
12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein said insulator comprises (CH 2 ) 6 .
13. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said self-assembled monolayer further comprises passivation agents.
14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein said passivation agents are insulators.
15. A composition comprising:
a) a hybridization indicator; and
b) an array of electrodes, each comprising
i) a self-assembled monolayer;
ii) a nucleic acid probe attached to said electrode with a spacer.
16. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said hybridization indicator is an intercalator.
17. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said hybridization indicator is methylene blue.
18. A composition according to claim 15 further comprising a target nucleic acid hybridized to said probe to form a hybridization complex, wherein said hybridization indicator is associated with said hybridization complex.
19. A composition according to claim 15 further comprising a co-reductant.
20. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said nucleic acid probe is a single stranded nucleic acid.
21. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said nucleic acid probe comprises a double stranded portion.
22. A composition according to claim 15 further comprising a soluble electron source.
23. A composition according to claim 22 where said soluble electron source comprises ferricyanide.
24. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is a conductive oligomer.
25. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said spacer is an insulator.
26. A composition according to claim 25 wherein said insulator comprises (CH 2 ) 6 .
27. A composition according to claim 15 wherein said self-assembled monolayer further comprises passivation agents.
28. A composition according to claim 27 wherein said passivation agents are insulators.
29. A composition comprising:
a) an array of electrodes, each comprising a self-assembled monolayer comprising nucleic acid probes attached to said electrode with a spacer, wherein said spacer comprises an insulator; and
b) a hybridization indicator.