Mixtures of omega-3 and omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids from euryhaline microorganisms
A process for the heterotrophic or predominantly heterotrophic production of whole-celled or extracted microbial products with a high concentration of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, producible in an aerobic culture under controlled conditions using biologically pure cultures of heterotrophic single-celled fungi microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales. The harvested whole-cell microbial product can be added to processed foods as a nutritional supplement, or to fish and animal feeds to enhance the omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of products produced from these animals. The lipids containing these fatty acids can also be extracted and used in nutritional, pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
1. A product, comprising: lipids comprising mixtures of omega-3 and omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids obtained from a fermentation process by growing Thraustochytricites microorganisms, wherein said microorganisms produce said lipids under conditions comprising:
a) salinity levels less than salinity levels found in seawater; and
b) a temperature of at least about 15° C.
2. The product of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms are capable of producing about 1.08 grams per liter of the fermentation medium per day of long chain omega-3 fatty acids per 40 grams of sugar per liter of the fermentation medium at a sodium ion concentration in the fermentation medium that is 60% of seawater.
3. The product of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium and mixtures thereof.
4. The product of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of:
a) Schizochytrium having all of the identifying characteristics of ATCC Accession No. 20888, and mutant strains derived therefrom, wherein said mutant strains derived therefrom produce omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids;
b) Schizochytrium having all of the identifying characteristics of ATCC Accession No. 20889, and mutant strains derived therefrom, wherein said mutant strains derived therefrom produce omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids;
c) Thraustochytrium having all of the identifying characteristics of ATCC Accession No. 20890, and mutant strains derived therefrom, wherein said mutant strains derived therefrom produce omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids;
d) Thraustochytrium having all of the identifying characteristics of ATCC Accession No. 20891, and mutant strains derived therefrom, wherein said mutant strains derived therefrom produce omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids;
e) Thraustochytrium having all of the identifying characteristics of ATCC Accession No. 20892, and mutant strains derived therefrom, wherein said mutant strains derived therefrom produce omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids; and
f) mixtures of any of (a) through (e).
5. The product of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of ATCC 20888, ATCC 20889, ATCC 20890, ATCC 20891, ATCC 20892, and mixtures thereof.
6. The product of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms have an omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of greater than about 6.7 percent of total cell dry weight.
7. The product of claim 1 , wherein about 20% or less of the total fatty acids in said lipids are omega-6 fatty acids.
8. The product of claim 1 , wherein about 10% or less of the total fatty acids in said lipids are omega-6 fatty acids.
9. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least about 49% of the total fatty acids of said lipids are omega-3 fatty acids.
10. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least about 68% of the total fatty acids of said lipids are omega-3 fatty acids.
11. The product of claim 1 , wherein said lipids comprise docosahexaenoic acid.
12. The product of claim 1 , wherein the lipids have a ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) of about 7.07 or less.
13. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least about 64.5% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
14. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least about 86% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
15. The product of claim 1 , wherein the lipids have a ratio of EPA to DHA of from about 1:1 to about 1:30.
16. The product of claim 1 , wherein the lipids have a ratio of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) to DHA of at least about 1:12.
17. The product of claim 1 , wherein said lipids comprises about 5% or less of C20:4w6 fatty acid.
18. The product of claim 1 , wherein said product further comprises an antioxidant.
19. The product of claim 1 , wherein said lipids are produced by a process comprising growing said microorganisms in a culture medium containing less than about 3 grams of chloride per liter of said culture medium, sources of carbon, nitrogen, micronutrients, and a non-chloride sodium salt at a temperature from about 15° C. to about 48° C.
20. The product of claim 1 , wherein said product is selected from the group consisting of a food product and a pharmaceutical product.
21. The product of claim 20 , wherein said food product is for human consumption.
22. The product of claim 20 , wherein said pharmaceutical product is encapsulated.
23. A product, comprising: lipids comprising mixtures of omega-3 and omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids obtained from a fermentation process by growing euryhaline microorganisms, wherein said microorganisms produce said lipids under conditions comprising:
a) salinity levels less than salinity levels found in seawater; and
b) a temperature of at least about 15° C., wherein said euryhaline microorganisms are capable of producing about 1.08 grams per liter of the fermentation medium per day of long chain omega-3 fatty acids per 40 grams of sugar per liter of the fermentation medium at a sodium ion concentration in the fermentation medium that is 60% of seawater.