Premixed liquid monopropellant solutions and mixtures
Nondetonable, or low detonation sensitivity, substantially nontoxic liquid monopropellants are provided. The liquid propellants are formed from aqueous solutions of solid oxidizers in liquid oxidizers and water soluble liquid fuels and formulated to have a freezing point less than −10° C. Liquid oxidizers may be inorganic or organic aqueous solutions, with hydrogen peroxide being preferred. Preferred solid oxidizers are water soluble nitrates including ammonium dinitramide, aminoguanidine dinitrate, ammonium nitrate, hydroxylamine nitrate, hydrazine nitrate, guanidine nitrate and aminoguanidine nitrate. Preferred liquid fuels are water soluble alcohols, amines and amine nitrates, hydroxyethyl hydrazine, hydroxyethylhydrazine nitrate, cyanoguanidine, guanidines, aminoguanidines, triaminoguanidines, and their nitrate salts, ethanolamine dinitrate, ethylenediamine dinitrate, polyvinyl nitrate, and aziridine.
1. A premixed liquid monopropellant which consists of an aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and water in an amount sufficient to render the monopropellant nondetonable and to maintain a flame temperature when ignited of about 2000° K or less.
2. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen peroxide is present at a 70% concentration in water.
3. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen peroxide is present in the mixture in an amount between 77% to 80%.
4. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 3 , wherein the ethanol is present in the mixture in an amount between 12% to 20%.
5. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 4 , wherein hydrogen peroxide is present at a 70% concentration in water, and wherein an additional amount of water is present in the mixture in an amount of between 3% to 8%.
6. A premixed liquid monopropellant which consists of 80% hydrogen peroxide having a concentration in water of 70%, 12% ethanol and 8% additional water.
7. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 1 or 6 , which further consists of a solid oxidizer present as a solute in the liquid monopropellant.
8. The premixed liquid monopropellant of claim 7 , wherein the solid oxidizer is aminoguanidine nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium dinitramide.