Process for preparing dehydrated potato flakes
Dehydrated potato flakes prepared from potato slices, slivers and/or nubbins suitable for use in dough compositions used to make fabricated products. The dehydrated flakes are prepared such that the physical properties in the flake are controlled during processing. The resulting flakes can be used to prepare a more cohesive, non-adhesive, machineable dough.
1. A process for making dehydrated potato flakes, wherein said process comprises the steps of:
(a) cooking raw potato pieces under atmospheric pressure with steam for a time sufficient to swell the potato cells and starch granules and separate the potato cells from each other without breaking more than 60% of the starch cells inside the potato cells, wherein during said cooking:
(i) the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 65° F. to about 212° F. during the first one-third of the cooking cycle, and the temperature rise of from about 175° F. to about 212° F. occurs over a time period of more than about 10 minutes; and
(ii) the temperature is maintained at about 212° F. during the remainder of the cooking cycle;
(b) forming the cooked potato pieces into a potato mash;
(c) drying the potato mash to a moisture content of from about 5% to about 10% to provide a dehydrated mash; and
(d) comminuting the dehydrated mash to form potato flakes, wherein said comminuting comprises reducing the particle size to form potato flakes having a particle size distribution such that:
(1) from 60% to about 70% remain on a #100 U.S. screen;
(2) from 20% to about 40% remain on a #40 U.S. screen;
(3) from about 1% to about 3% remain on a #20 U.S. screen; and
(4) from 1% to about 3% remain on a #16 U.S. screen.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the steam of step (a) has a pressure of from about 2 psig to about 50 psig.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the steam of step (a) has a pressure of from about 5 psig to about 18 psig.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the potato pieces in step (a) rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 20 minutes.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the potato pieces are cooked in step (a) for at least about 30 minutes.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the potato pieces are cooked in step (a) for from about 30 to about 65 minutes.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein at least about 0.1% emulsifier is added to the potato mash of step (b) prior to initiating the drying process of step (c).
8. A process for making dehydrated potato flakes, wherein said process comprises the steps of:
(a) cooking raw potato pieces under atmospheric pressure with steam, wherein during said cooking:
(i) the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 65° F. to about 212° F. during the first one-third of the cooking cycle, and the temperature rise of from about 175° F. to about 212° F. occurs over a time period of more than about 10 minutes; and
(ii) the temperature is maintained at about 212° F. during the remainder of the cooking cycle;
(b) forming the cooked potato pieces into a potato mash;
(c) drying the potato mash to a moisture content of from about 5% to about 10% to provide a dehydrated mash; and
(d) comminuting the dehydrated mash to form potato flakes, wherein said comminuting comprises reducing the particle size to form potato flakes having a particle size distribution such that:
(1) from 60% to about 70% remain on a #100 U.S. screen;
(2) from 20% to about 40% remain on a #40 U.S. screen;
(3) from about 1% to about 3% remain on a #20 U.S. screen; and
(4) from 1% to about 3% remain on a #16 U.S. screen.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 15 minutes.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 20 minutes.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 50 to about 60 minutes.
12. The process of claim 9 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 30 to about 65 minutes.
13. The process of claim 8 , wherein the total cooking time is at least about 30 minutes.
14. Aprocess for making dehydrated potato flakes, wherein said process comprises the steps of:
(a) cooking raw potato pieces using a pressurized vessel, wherein during said cooking:
(i) the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 65° F. to about 212° F. during the first one-third of the cooking cycle, and the temperature rise of from about 175° F. to about 212° F. occurs over a time period of more than about 10 minutes; and
(ii) the temperature is maintained at about 212° F. during the remainder of the cooking cycle;
(b) forming the cooked potato pieces into a potato mash;
(c) drying the potato mash to a moisture content of from about 5% to about 10% to provide a dehydrated mash; and
(d) comminuting the dehydrated mash to form potato flakes, wherein said comminuting comprises reducing the particle size to form potato flakes having a particle size distribution such that:
(1) from 60% to about 70% remain on a #100 U.S. screen;
(2) from 20% to about 40% remain on a #40 U.S. screen;
(3) from about 1% to about 3% remain on a #20 U.S. screen; and
(4) from 1% to about 3% remain on a #16 U.S. screen.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 15 minutes.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 20 minutes.
17. The process of claim 14 , wherein the total cooking time, is at least about 30 minutes.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 30 to about 65 minutes.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 50 to about 60 minutes.
20. A process for making dehydrated potato flakes, wherein said process comprises the steps of:
(a) cooking raw potato pieces using superheated steam, wherein during said cooking:
(i) the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 65° F. to about 212° F. during the first one-third of the cooking cycle, and the temperature rise of from about 175° F. to about 212° F. occurs over a time period of more than about 10 minutes; and
(ii) the temperature is maintained at about 212° F. during the remainder of the cooking cycle;
(b) forming the cooked potato pieces into a potato mash;
(c) drying the potato mash to a moisture content of from about 5% to about 10% to provide a dehydrated mash; and
(d) comminuting the dehydrated mash to form potato flakes, wherein said comminuting comprises reducing the particle size to form potato flakes having a particle size distribution such that:
(1) from 60% to about 70% remain on a #100 U.S. screen;
(2) from 20% to about 40% remain on a #40 U.S. screen;
(3) from about 1% to about 3% remain on a #20 U.S. screen; and
(4) from 1% to about 3% remain on a #16 U.S. screen.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 15 minutes.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the temperature of the potato pieces rises from about 175° F. to about 212° F. over a time period of more than about 20 minutes.
23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 50 to about 60 minutes.
24. The process of claim 21 , wherein the total cooking time is from about 30 to about 65 minutes.
25. The process of claim 20 , wherein the total cooking time is at least about 30 minutes.