Charge storage device
A charge storage device comprising: a first electrode, a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; a porous separator disposed between the electrodes; a sealed package for containing the electrodes, the separator and an electrolyte in which the electrodes are immersed; and a first terminal and a second terminal being electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively and both extending from the package to allow external electrical connection to the respective electrodes, wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 2.1 Watts/gram. Also described is a method of manufacturing a charge storage device, the method comprising the steps of: providing a first electrode; disposing a second electrode in opposition to and spaced apart from the first electrode; disposing a porous separator between the electrodes; containing within a sealed package the electrodes, the separator and an electrolyte, wherein the electrodes are immersed in the electrolyte; and electrically connecting a first terminal and a second terminal to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively such that the terminals extending from the package to allow external electrical connection to the respective electrodes, wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 2.1 Watts/gram.
1. A charge storage device comprising:
a charge storage cell including:
(a) a first electrode;
(b) a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an electrolyte in which the cell is immersed; and
at least two terminals extending from the package to allow external electrical connection to the cell, wherein the volumetric FOM (Figure of Merit) of the device is greater than about 3.2 Watts/cm 3 and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5 mm.
3. A device according to claim 1 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
4. A device according to claim 1 wherein the volumetric FOM is in the range of about 3.2 Watts/cm 3 to 4 Watts/cm 3 .
5. A device according to claim 1 wherein the volumetric FOM is in the range of about 4 Watts/cm 3 to 5 Watts/cm 3 .
6. A device according to claim 1 wherein the volumetric FOM is in the range of about 5 Watts/cm 3 to 7 Watts/cm 3 .
7. A device according to claim 1 wherein the volumetric FOM is in the range of about 7 Watts/cm 3 to 8 Watts/cm 3 .
8. A device according to claim 1 wherein the volumetric FOM is greater than about 8 Watts/cm 3 .
9. A device according to claim 1 including a plurality of cells.
10. A device according to claim 9 wherein the package contains the cells.
11. A device according to claim 9 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
12. A device according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the electrodes includes a layer containing a carbon.
13. A device according to claim 1 wherein the first electrode, the second electrode and the separator are wound together in a spiral.
14. A device according to claim 1 wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are folded together.
15. A device according to claim 14 wherein the electrodes are rectangular and are centrally folded about an axis to form a capacitive element.
16. A device according to claim 15 wherein a plurality of the capacitive elements are stacked and electrically connected in parallel to provide a predetermined electrical characteristic.
17. A device according to claim 1 including a plurality of individually packaged cells, all the cells being electrically connected.
18. A device according to claim 17 wherein the cells are electrically connected in series.
19. A device according to claim 17 wherein the cells are electrically connected in parallel.
20. A charge storage device including:
a charge storage cell including:
(a) a first electrode having a first layer including a carbon having a surface area greater than 400 m 2 /gram;
(b) a second electrode having a second layer including a carbon having a surface area greater than 400 m 2 /gram; and
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an organic electrolyte in which the cell is immersed, wherein the first and second layers are opposed and spaced apart; and
at least two terminals that extend from the package to allow external electrical connection to the cell, wherein the volumetric FOM (Figure of Merit) of the device is greater than about 1.1 Watts/cm 3 and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
21. A device according to claim 20 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5 mm.
22. A device according to claim 20 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
23. A device according to claim 20 wherein the surface area of the carbon is at least 1200 m 2 /gram.
24. A device according to claim 20 wherein at least one of the layers contains more than one type of carbon.
25. A device according to claim 20 including a plurality of cells.
26. A device according to claim 25 wherein the package contains the cells.
27. A device according to claim 25 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
28. A device according to claim 20 wherein at least one of the carbon layers includes particulate carbon.
29. A device according to claim 20 wherein both the layers include particulate carbon.
30. A charge storage device including:
a charge storage cell including:
(a) a first electrode;
(b) a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an electrolyte in which the cell is immersed; and
at least two terminals that extend from the package to allow external electrical connection to the cell, wherein the gravimetric power maximum of the device is greater than about 12.5 Watts/gram and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
31. A device according to claim 30 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5 mm.
32. A device according to claim 30 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
33. A device according to claim 30 wherein gravimetric power maximum is greater than about 15 Watts/gram.
34. A device according to claim 33 wherein gravimetric power maximum is greater than about 17 Watts/gram.
35. A device according to claim 34 wherein gravimetric power maximum is greater than about 26 Watts/gram.
36. A device according to claim 30 including a plurality of cells.
37. A device according to claim 36 wherein the package contains the cells.
38. A device according to claim 36 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
39. A device according to claim 36 wherein at least one of the electrodes includes a layer containing a carbon.
40. A device according to claim 39 wherein the layer contains a particulate carbon.
41. A charge storage device including:
a charge storage cell having:
(a) a first electrode;
(b) a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an electrolyte in which the cell is immersed; and
at least two terminals that extend from the package to allow external electrical connection to the cell, wherein the volumetric power maximum of the device is greater than about 35 Watts/cm 3 and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
42. A device according to claim 41 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5mm.
43. A device according to claim 41 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
44. A device according to claim 41 including a plurality of cells.
45. A device according to claim 41 wherein the package contains the cells.
46. A device according to claim 44 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
47. A device according to claim 41 wherein at least one of the electrodes includes a layer containing a carbon.
48. A device according to claim 47 wherein the layer contains a particulate carbon.
49. A charge storage device including:
a charge storage cell including:
(a) a first electrode having a first layer including a carbon having a surface area of at least about 400 m 2 /gram;
(b) a second electrode having a second layer including a carbon having a surface area of at least about 400 m 2 /gram, the second layer being opposed to and spaced apart from the first layer;
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an electrolyte in which the cell is immersed; and
at least two terminals that extend from the package to allow external electrical connection to the respective electrodes, wherein the gravimetric power maximum of the device is greater than about 4.8 Watts/gram and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
50. A device according to claim 49 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5 mm.
51. A device according to claim 49 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
52. A device according to claim 49 including a plurality of cells.
53. A device according to claim 52 wherein the package contains the cells.
54. A device according to claim 52 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
55. A device according to claim 49 wherein the surface area of the carbon is at least 1200 m 2 /gram.
56. A device according to claim 49 wherein at least one of the layers contains more than one type of carbon.
57. A device according to claim 49 wherein at least one of the layers contains a particulate carbon.
58. A charge storage device comprising:
a charge storage cell including:
(a) a first electrode;
(b) a second electrode being opposed to and spaced apart from the first electrode; and
(c) a porous separator disposed between the electrodes;
a sealed package for containing the cell and an electrolyte in which the cell is immersed; and
at least two terminals that extend from the package to allow external electrical connection to the respective electrodes, wherein the gravimetric FOM (Figure of Merit) of the device is greater than about 2.1 Watts/gram and the device has a maximum thickness of less than about 7 mm.
59. A device according to claim 58 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 5 mm.
60. A device according to claim 58 wherein the maximum thickness is less than about 0.4 mm.
61. A device according to claim 58 wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 2.5 Watts/gram.
62. A device according to claim 61 wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 3 Watts/gram.
63. A device according to claim 62 wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 3.5 Watts/gram.
64. A device according to claim 63 wherein the gravimetric FOM of the device is greater than about 5 Watts/gram.
65. A device according to claim 58 including a plurality of cells.
66. A device according to claim 65 wherein the package contains the cells.
67. A device according to claim 65 wherein the cells are connected in series and/or parallel with each other.
68. A device according to claim 58 wherein at least one of the electrodes includes a layer containing a carbon.
69. A device according to claim 68 wherein the layer contains a particulate carbon.