Process for the synthesis of polycarbamates
Process for the synthesis of polyurethane derivatives from aromatic polyamine compounds. The method involves the reaction of an aromatic polyamine compound with CO and O 2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII or lanthanide metal on a solid support and a halogenide promoter.
1. A method for preparing a polymeric carbamate compound which comprises the step of reacting polymeric diaminodiphenylmethane with carbon monoxide, an oxidising agent, and an organic hydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:
(a) a precursor containing a Group VIII or lanthanide metal, and
(b) at least one halogen containing promoter effective to promote said reacting.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Group VIII or lanthanide metal is palladium or cerium.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor is selected from the group consisting of Pd black, Pd/C, Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/CaCO 3 , Pd/ZSM5, PdCl 2 , PdBr 2 , PdI 2 , Pd(NO 3 ) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , Pd oxalate, [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ]X 2 , PdL 2 X, and Pd(CO)X, wherein X is Cl, Br or I.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the precursor is selected from the group consisting of Pd black, Pd/C, Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/CaCO 3 , Pd/ZSM5, PdCl 2 , PdBr 2 , PdI 2 , Pd(NO 3 ) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , Pd oxalate, [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ]X 2 , PdL 2 X, and Pd(CO)X, wherein X is Cl, Br or I.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidising agent is oxygen or air.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen containing promoter contains iodine.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the halogen containing promoter is selected from the group consisting of NaI, LiI, CsI, tetra butyl ammonium iodide, tetra heptyl ammonium iodide, and iodine.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the halogen containing promoter to the precursor is in the range of about 0.5–15.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a pressure of about 10 bar to about 100 bar.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a pressure of about 10 bar to about 100 bar.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reaction is effected in the absence of an inert solvent.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reaction is effected in the absence of an inert solvent.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reaction is effected in the presence of an inert solvent.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reaction is effected in the presence of an inert solvent.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, ketones, amides, and esters.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxygen is present during said reacting and the CO:O 2 ratio in the range of about 5:1 to about 20:1.
18. A method for preparing a polymeric carbamate compound which comprises the step of reacting polymeric diaminodiphenylmethane with carbon monoxide, an oxidising agent, and an organic hydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:
(a) a precursor containing palladium, and
(b) at least one halogen containing promoter effective to promote the said reacting.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the oxidising agent is oxygen or air.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the halogen containing promoter is selected from the group consisting of NaI, LiI, CsI, tetra butyl ammonium iodide, tetra heptyl ammonium iodide, and iodine.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a pressure of about 10 bar to about 100 bar.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the reaction is effected in the absence of an inert solvent.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the reaction is effected in the presence of an inert solvent.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, ketones, amides, and esters.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein oxygen is present during said reacting and the partial pressure ratio of CO:O 2 is in the range of about 5:1 to about 20:1.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein oxygen is present during said reacting and the partial pressure ratio of CO:O 2 is in the range of about 5:1 to about 20:1.
28. A method for preparing a polymeric carbamate compound which comprises the step of reacting polymeric diaminodiphenylmethane with:
(a) carbon monoxide,
(b) an oxidising agent selected from the group consisting of oxygen and air, and
(c) an organic hydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:
(a) a precursor containing palladium, and
(b) at least one halogen containing promoter effective to promote said reacting, wherein the halogen containing promoter is selected from the group consisting of NaI, LiI, CsI, tetra butyl ammonium iodide, tetra heptyl ammonium iodide, and iodine.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein said reacting is conducted at a pressure of about 10 bar to about 100 bar.
31. The method of claim 28 , wherein the reaction is effected in the absence of an inert solvent.
32. The method of claim 28 , wherein the reaction is effected in the presence of an inert solvent.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the inert solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, ketones, amides, and esters.
34. The method of claim 28 , wherein oxygen is present during said reacting and the partial pressure ratio of CO:O 2 is in the range of about 5:1 to about 20:1.