Apparatus and method for dynamic control of an enthalpy wheel in a fuel cell system
The invention relates to systems and associated methods of operating fuel cell systems where the rotational speed of a reactant humidification enthalpy wheel is dynamically controlled according to various process variables. In one embodiment, a method is provided for operating a fuel cell system, including the following steps: (1) rotating a porous desiccant material about a rotational axis; (2) flowing air through the desiccant material in a direction parallel to the rotational axis to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell; (3) flowing cathode exhaust from the fuel cell through the desiccant material; (4) monitoring a process performance variable; (5) detecting a change in a value of the process performance variable; and (6) varying a rotational speed of the desiccant material in response to the detected change in the value of the process performance variable.
1. A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
rotating an enthalpy wheel;
flowing cathode exhaust from a fuel cell stack through the enthalpy wheel;
flowing air through the enthalpy wheel to increase the humidity of the air;
flowing the humidified air from the enthalpy wheel to a cathode electrode chamber of the fuel cell stack;
flowing hydrogen through an anode electrode chamber of the fuel cell stack to produce an amount of electrical current;
supplying the electrical current to a load;
increasing a rotational speed of the enthalpy wheel to increase a dew point temperature of the humidified air fed to the fuel cell from the enthalpy wheel decreasing the rotational speed of the enthalpy wheel to decrease the dew point temperature of the humidified air fed to the fuel cell from the enthalpy wheel;
flowing a coolant through the fuel cell stack;
varying a stack inlet temperature of the coolant to maintain the stack inlet temperature of the coolant within a predetennined threshold; and
varying the flow of the coolant through the stack to regulate a temperature differential between the stack inlet temperature of the coolant and a stack outlet temperature of the coolant.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
varying the temperature differential to maintain a cathode inlet temperature higher than the stack coolant inlet temperature.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
utilizing a lookup table to adjust the rotational speed of the enthalpy wheel according to a stack inlet temperature of the coolant.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
utilizing a lockup table to adjust the rotational speed of the enthalpy wheel according to process variables including a stack inlet temperature of the coolant and the amount of electric current supplied to the load byte fuel cell.
5. A fuel cell system, comprising:
an enthalpy wheel assembly, wherein the assembly includes an enthalpy wheel coupled to a variable speed motor, wherein the motor is adapted to rotate the enthalpy wheel, wherein the assembly includes a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second outlet;
a fuel cell having a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, wherein the cathode inlet is coupled to the first outlet of the enthalpy wheel assembly, wherein the cathode outlet is coupled to the second inlet of the enthalpy wheel assembly, wherein the first inlet of the enthalpy wheel is coupled to a supply of air, wherein the second outlet is adapted to vent cathode exhaust from the enthalpy wheel;
a sensor adapted to provide a signal indicative of at least one of an electrical parameter of the fuel cell, a temperature of the fuel cell and a temperature of a coolant received by the fuel cell; and
a controller coupled to the motor and the sensor, the controller adapted to vary a speed of the motor in response to the signal,
wherein the electrical parameter comprises an electrical cuirent output from the fuel cell.
6. A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
rotating a porous desiccant material about a rotational axis;
flowing air through the desiccant material in a direction parallel to the rotational axis to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell;
flowing cathode exhaust from the fuel cell through the desiccant material;
monitoring a variable indicative of at least one of an electrical parameter of the fuel cell, a temperature of the fuel cell, and a temperature of a coolant received by the fuel cell; and
controlling a rotational speed of the desiccant material in response to the variable, wherein the electrical parameter comprises an electrical current output from the fuel cell.
7. A system comprising:
a fuel cell;
an enthalpy wheel in which sir to and from the fuel cell is communicated;
a motor to rotate the enthalpy wheel; and
a controller coupled to the motor to regulate a rotational speed of the enthalpy wheel in response to a parameter of the fuel cell other than a parameter associated with air that is routed from the enthalpy wheel to the fuel cell,
wherein the parameter comprises a temperature of the fuel cell.