Center of gravity control for hierarchical QAM transmission systems
View Patent ↗A OAM receiver includes a source of a received hierarchical OAM signal. The hierarchical OAM signal represents successive data points in the I-Q plane, each data point being in one of four quadrants. Circuitry, coupled to the hierarchical OAM signal source, calculates the location in the I-Q plane of the center-of-gravity of successive received data points in a quadrant. A level 1 decoder is responsive to a received data point and detects the quadrant in the I-Q plane of a received data point. Further circuitry, coupled to the hierarchical OAM signal source and responsive to the calculating circuitry, translates the received data point in the I-Q plane such that the center-of-gravity of the detected quadrant is translated to the origin of the I-Q plane. A level 2 decoder is then responsive to the translated data point for detecting the quadrant of the translated data point.
1. A QAM receiver, comprising:
an input for receiving a hierarchical QAM signal, representing successive data points in the I-Q plane, each data point being in one of four quadrants;
a level 1 decoder ( 304 ), responsive to a received data point, for detecting the quadrant in the I-Q plane of a received data point;
translating circuitry ( 306 , 308 , 310 ), coupled to the hierarchical QAM signal input, for translating the received data point in the I-Q plane such that a center point of the detected quadrant is translated to the neighborhood of the origin of the I-Q plane;
a level 2 decoder ( 312 ), responsive to the translated data point for detecting the quadrant of the translated data point CHARACTERIZED BY:
calculating circuitry ( 320 , 322 , 324 ), coupled to the hierarchical QAM signal input, for calculating the location in the I-Q plane of the center-of-gravity of successive received data points in a quadrant; and
the translating circuitry ( 306 , 308 , 310 ) further comprising circuitry for translating the received data point in the I-Q plane such that the calculated center-of-gravity location is translated to the origin of the I-Q plane.
2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein:
the hierarchical QAM signal input is adapted to produce signals representing respective I and Q components of the successive data points in the I-Q plane; and characterized in that;
the calculating circuitry ( 320 , 322 , 324 ) comprises:
a first low pass filter ( 320 ), responsive to the I component, for calculating the r component of the center-of-gravity of the successive received data points in quadrant of the I-Q plane:
a second low pass filter ( 322 ), responsive to the Q component, for calculating the Q component of the center-of-gravity of the successive received data points in the quadrant of the I-Q plane; and
a magnitude calculating circuit ( 324 ), coupled to the first ( 322 ) and second ( 324 ) lows pass filters, for calculating the magnitude of the center-of-gravity of the quadrant of the I-Q plane; and
the translating circuitry( 306 , 308 , 310 ) is adapted to translate the received data point by a distance equal to the calculated magnitude.
3. The receiver of claim 2 characterized in that the first ( 320 ) and second ( 322 ) low pass filters are IIR filters.
4. The receiver of claim 2 characterized in that the first ( 320 ) and second ( 322 ) low pass filters comprise circuitry for calculating a sliding moving average.
5. The receiver of claim 4 characterized in that the magnitude calculating circuit ( 324 ) is adapted to calculate the magnitude M=√{square root over (r i [n] 2 +r q [n] 2 )}, wherein r i [n] represents the sliding moving average of the I component over n points, and r q [n] represents the sliding moving average of the Q component over n points.
6. The receiver of claim 4 further wherein characterized in that the sliding moving average is calculated over 500 points.
7. The receiver of claim 1 further characterized by a rotator ( 321 ), coupled between the hierarchical QAM signal input and the calculating circuitry ( 320 , 322 , 324 ), for rotating the quadrant of each of the successive received data points to a single predetermined quadrant; and
the calculating circuitry ( 320 , 322 , 324 ) being adapted to calculate the location of the center-of-gravity of successive rotated received data points in the predetermined quadrant in the I-Q plane.
8. The receiver of claim 1 characterized in that the hierarchical QAM signal input comprises a satellite receiving antenna, adapted to receive a satellite signal carrying the hierarchical QAM signal.
9. A signal processing method for use in a QAM receiver, comprising the steps of:
receiving a hierarchical QAM signal representing successive data points in the I-Q plane, each point being in one of four quadrants;
detecting, at a first level, the quadrant in the I-Q plane of a received data point;
translating the received data point such that a center point of the quadrant containing the received data point in the I-Q plane is translated to the neighborhood of the origin of the I-Q plane; and
detecting, at a second level, the quadrant of the translated data point; CHARACTERIZED BY the steps of:
calculating the location in the I-Q plane of the center-of-gravity of successive received data points in a quadrant; and
translating, in response to the calculating step, the received data point in the I-Q plane such that the calculated center-of-gravity of the detected quadrant is translated to the origin of the I-Q plane.