CD28 mimetics for blocking T cell mediated immune reactions
Agents for blocking T cell-mediated immune reactions are provided. Such agents are peptides, referred to as “CD28 peptide mimetics”, of from 15 to 30 amino acids in length. The CD28 peptide mimetics comprise the hexapeptide motif ‘MYPPPY’, SEQ ID NO: 1, or a retro-inverso isomer thereof. The CD28 peptide mimetics further comprise flanking sequence at the amino and carboxyl terminus of the hexapeptide motif. Methods for treating subjects with T cell mediated autoimmune diseases or disorders are also provided. Such methods comprise administering one or more of the CD28 peptide mimetics to a subject with such a disease or disorder.
1. A CD28 peptide mimetic for blocking deleterious T cell mediated immune reaction,
said peptide mimetic being 20 to 25 amino acids in length,
said peptide mimetic comprising levorotary or dextrorotary amino acids,
wherein the peptide mimetic comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ. ID NO: 5 when the peptide mimetic comprises levorotary amino acids; and
wherein the peptide mimetic comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 when the peptide mimetic comprises dextrorotary amino acids.
2. The peptide mimetic of claim 1 wherein the amino and carboxyl ends of the peptide are end blocked.
3. The peptide mimetic of claim 1 , wherein the binding affinity of the peptide mimetic for the B7-1 protein is from 10 fold greater to 2 fold less than the binding affinity of CD 28 for the B7-1 protein.
4. The peptide mimetic of claim 1 , wherein the binding affinity of the peptide mimetic for the B7-1 protein is less than the binding affinity of CTLA-4 for the B7-1 protein.
5. The peptide mimetic of claim 1 , wherein the K d of the mimetic with respect to B7-1 is from 2 to 3 micromoles.
6. A CD28 peptide mimetic for blocking deleterious T cell mediated immune reaction, wherein said peptide mimetic is 20 or 21 amino acids in length and comprises levorotary or dextrorotary amino acids, and wherein the peptide mimetic comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 when the peptide mimetic comprises levorotary amino acids or the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 when the peptide mimetic comprises dextrorotary amino acids.
7. The peptide mimetic of claim 6 , wherein said peptide mimetic is 20 amino acids in length, and wherein the sequence of said peptide mimetic is SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 6.