Process for producing methylcobalamin
The present invention provides a novel industrially excellent and ecological process for producing methylcobalamin which is useful as a medicament etc. More specifically, it provides a process for producing methylcobalamin by reducing cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin in the presence of a reducing agent, and then methylating the reductant by adding a water-soluble methylating agent.
1. A two-step process for producing methylcobalamin (V), comprising the sequential steps of A) and B):
A) reducing cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II) represented by the following formula in the presence of a reducing agent (III) that is sodium borohydride, and
B) methylating the reductant by adding a water-soluble methylating agent (IV)
R 2 =CN: Cyanocobalamin (I)
R 2 =OH: Hydroxocobalamin (II)
R 2 =CH: Methylcobalamin (V)
wherein the water-soluble methylating agent (IV) is a trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) represented by the following formula:
wherein X is a halogen atom or a methoxysulfonyloxy group, and n is 0 or 1; and
wherein the amount of the trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) added is from 1.0 to 5.0 equivalents to cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II).
2. A two-step process for producing methylcobalamin (V), comprising the sequential steps of A) and B):
A) reducing cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II) in an aqueous solution or a hydrous organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent (III) that is sodium borohydride; and
B) methylating the reductant by adding a trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) represented by the following formula:
wherein X is a halogen atom or a methoxysulfonyloxy group, and n is 0 or 1; and
wherein the amount of the trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) added is from 1.0 to 5.0 equivalents to cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II).
3. A multi-step process for producing methylcobalamin (V), comprising the sequential steps of A) to C):
A) reducing cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II) in an aqueous solution or a hydrous organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent (III) that is sodium borohydride;
B) methylating the reductant by adding a trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) represented by the following formula:
wherein X is a halogen atom or a methoxysulfonyloxy group, and n is 0 or 1; and
C) precipitating the reaction product as crystals or precipitates; and
wherein the amount of the trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) added is from 1.0 to 5.0 equivalents to cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II).
4. A multi-step process for producing methylcobalamin (V)1 comprising the sequential steps of A) to C):
A) reducing cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II) in an aqueous solution or a hydrous organic solvent in the presence of a cyanide ion scavenger and a reducing agent (III) that is sodium borohydride;
B) methylating the reductant by adding a trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) represented by the following formula:
wherein X is a halogen atom or a methoxysulfonyloxy group, and n is 0 or 1; and
C) precipitating the reaction product as crystals or precipitates; and
wherein the amount of the trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) added is from 1.0 to 5.0 equivalents to cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II).
5. The process for producing methylcobalamin (V) according to claim 1 , 2 , 3 or 4 , wherein the trimethylsulfur derivative (VI) is trimethylsulfoxonium iodide, trimethylsulfonium iodide, trimethylsulfoxonium bromide, trimethylsulfonium bromide, trimethylsulfoxonium chloride and/or trimethylsulfonium chloride.
6. The process for producing methylcobalarnin (V) according to claim 4 , wherein the cyanide ion scavenger is ferrous sulfate and/or cobalt chloride.
7. The process for producing methylcobalamin (V) according to claim 4 or 6 , wherein the amount of the cyanide ion scavenger is from 1 to 30% by weight relative to cyanocobalamin (I) or hydroxocobalamin (II).