Low polarity dimerate and trimerate esters as plasticizers for thermoplastic polymer/elastomer composites
A thermoplastic polymer/elastomer composite composition including one or more thermoplastic polymers, a natural or synthetic rubber, and a long chain cyclic dimerate ester and/or long chain cyclic trimerate ester plasticizer.
1. A plasticized thermoplastic polymer/elastomer composite composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and combinations thereof, and a cyclic dimerate or trimerate ester plasticizer compound having formula I, II, or a mixture thereof:
wherein R 5 and R 7 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 6 and R 8 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds; and
R 10 and R 11 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or an unsaturated C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
wherein R 12 , R 14 and R 18 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 13 , R 15 and R 19 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds; and
R 16 , R 17 and R 20 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or an unsaturated C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of formula I, II, and a combination thereof:
wherein R 5 and R 7 are a C 6 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or having 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 6 and R 8 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 18 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 10 and R 11 , same or different, are C 3 –C 18 saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 12 , R 14 and R 18 , same or different, are a C 6 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 13 , R 15 and R 19 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 18 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds; and
R 16 , R 17 and R 20 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 18 saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or an unsaturated C 3 –C 18 hydrocarbon-chain, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer compound having formula I, II, or a mixture thereof is present in an amount of about 0.1 parts to about 45 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.
4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer compound having formula I, II, or a mixture thereof is present in an amount from about 5 parts to about 40 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.
5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer compound having formula I, II, or a mixture thereof is present in an amount from about 10 parts to about 35 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.
6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is an unsaturated diester formed by the reaction of a C 36 dimer acid and a C 3 –C 18 alcohol, straight chain or branched, saturated, or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
7. A composition in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the alcohol is 2-ethylhexyl alcohol.
8. A composition in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the alcohol is tridecyl alcohol.
9. A composition in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the alcohol is oleyl alcohol.
10. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises the following dimerate acid reacted with a C 3 –C 24 alcohol:
11. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises the following dimerate acid reacted with a C 3 –C 24 alcohol:
12. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises the following dimerate acid reacted with a C 3 –C 24 alcohol:
13. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is the reaction product of a C 3 –C 24 alcohol with a tricarboxylic acid, having the following formula:
14. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the plasticizer is a combination of compounds in accordance with formulas I and II.
15. A composition in accordance with claim 14 , wherein the plasticizer is a reaction product of a C 3 –C 24 alcohol straight chain or branched, saturated, or unsaturated having 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds, with a dimer acid having CAS #61788-89-4.
16. A composition in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the alcohol is 2-ethylhexyl alcohol.
17. A composition in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the alcohol is a tridecyl alcohol.
18. A composition in accordance with claim 15 , wherein the alcohol is a oleyl alcohol.
19. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , wherein R 5 , R 7 , R 12 , R 14 and R 18 are fatty acid residues derived from animal or vegetable fatty acids.
20. A composition in accordance with claim 19 , wherein the fatty acid residues are derived from the group consisting of butter; lard; tallow; grease; herring; menhaden; pilchard; sardine; babassu; castor; coconut; corn; cottonseed; jojoba; linseed; oiticia; olive; palm; palm kernel; peanut; rapeseed; safflower; soya; sunflower; tall; tung; and mixtures thereof.
21. A composition in accordance with claim 19 , wherein the fatty acid residues are selected from the group consisting of hexanoic; octanoic; decanoic; dodecanoic; 9-dodecenoic; tetradecanoic; 9-tetradecenoic; hexadecanoic; 9-hexadecenoic; octadecanoic; 9-octadecenoic; 9,12-octadecaclienoic; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic; 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic; octadecatetrenoic; eicosanoic; 11-ejeosenoic; eicosadienoic; eicosatrienoic; 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic; eicosapentaenoic; docosanoic; 13-docosenoic; docosatetraenoic; 4,8,12,15,19-docosapentaenoic; docosahexaenoic; tetracosenoic; and 4,8,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic.
22. A composition in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a vulcanization agent.
23. A method of plasticizing a composite composition including a thermoplastic polymer, a rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers and a combination thereof, and a rubber vulcanizing agent, comprising adding to said composite composition a cyclic ester plasticizer of formula I, II, or mixtures thereof:
wherein R 5 and R 7 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 6 and R 8 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 alkyl radical, straight chain or branched; and
R 10 and R 11 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 , saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or an unsaturated C 3 –C 24 , hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
wherein R 12 , R 14 and R 18 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, either saturated or having 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
R 13 , R 15 R 19 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds; and
R 16 , R 17 and R 20 , same or different, are a C 3 –C 24 saturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, or unsaturated C 3 –C 24 hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 6 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the cyclic ester plasticizer is added in an amount from about 0.1 parts to about 45 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the cyclic ester plasticizer is added in an amount from about 5 parts to about 40 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein the cyclic ester plasticizer is added in an amount from about 10 parts to about 35 parts by weight, based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic polymer and rubber compounds.