Anti-bacterial and anti-cancer spiro beta-lactone/gamma-lactams
Disclosed herein are novel spiro beta-lactone/gamma lactams for use in treating bacterial infections and cancer. The compounds are characterized by a terminal electron-withdrawing group such as a nitro group. Screening data shows antimicrobial activity against various bacterial cell lines, particularly gram-positive bacteria, and anti-cancer activity.
1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I) and acid-addition salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy, or are separately absent when necessary to accommodate double bonds;
Y has the following structure:
R 1 , R 2 , and R 8 are each separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy;
R 7 and R 9 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl;
Q is an optionally substituted O or S;
Z is NO 2 ;
n is an integer from 0 to 10;
any bond represented by a dashed and solid line represents a bond selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon single bond and a carbon-carbon double bond;
when n is greater than 1, each unit n is bonded to any adjacent units n via carbon-carbon single bonds or carbon-carbon double bonds; and
any carbon-carbon double bond has a configuration selected from the group consisting of cis and trans.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of OH and SH.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each separately selected from the group consisting of H and CH 3 or are separately absent when necessary to accommodated double bonds.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is 7.
5. The compound of claim 4 having the structure of Formula (IV):
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein Y has the structure:
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R 1 is H and R 2 is CH 3 .
8. The compound of claim 7 having the structure of Formula (VI):
9. A compound having the structure of Formula (II) and acid-addition salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy, or are separately absent when necessary to accommodate double bonds;
Y has the following structure:
R 1 , R 2 , and R 8 can be each separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy;
R 7 and R 9 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl;
Q is an optionally substituted O or S;
Z is NO 2 ;
n is an integer from 0 to 10;
any bond represented by a dashed and solid line represents a bond selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon single bond and a carbon-carbon double bond; and
any carbon-carbon double bond has a configuration selected from the group consisting of cis and trans.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of OH and SH.
11. The compound of claim 9 wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each separately selected from the group consisting of H and CH 3 or are separately absent when necessary to accommodated double bonds.
12. The compound of claim 9 having the structure of Formula (IIb):
wherein the configuration of each unit n in the compound of Formula (IIb) is separately selected from cis and trans.
13. The compound of claim 9 wherein n is 4.
14. The compound of claim 13 having the structure of Formula (IV):
15. The compound of claim 14 wherein Y has the structure:
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein R 1 is H and R 2 is CH 3 .
17. The compound of claim 16 having the structure of Formula (VI):
18. A compound having the structure of Formula (III) and acid-addition salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 13 , and R 14 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy, or are separately absent when necessary to accommodate double bonds;
R 5 and R 6 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl, or may each be separately absent when necessary to accommodate double bonds;
Y has the following structure:
R 1 , R 2 , and R 8 can be each separately selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and hydroxy;
R 7 and R 9 are each separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 –C 10 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 –C 10 alkenyl or C 2 –C 10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl;
n is an integer from 0 to 6;
Q is an optionally substituted O or S;
Z is NO 2 ;
any bond represented by a dashed and solid line represents a bond selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon single bond and a carbon-carbon double bond;
when n is greater than 1, each unit n is bonded to any adjacent units n via carbon-carbon single bonds or carbon-carbon double bonds; and
any carbon-carbon double bond has a configuration selected from the group consisting of cis and trans.
19. The compound of claim 17 wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of OH and SH.
20. The compound of claim 18 wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 13 , and R 14 are each separately selected from the group consisting of H and CH 3 or are separately absent when necessary to accommodated double bonds and R 5 and R 6 are each separately selected from the group consisting of H and CH 3 , or are separately absent when necessary to accommodate double bonds.
21. The compound of claim 18 wherein n is 6.
22. The compound of claim 21 having the structure of Formula (IV):
23. The compound of claim 22 wherein Z is NO 2 and Y has the structure:
24. The compound of claim 23 wherein R 1 is H and R 2 is CH 3 .
25. The compound of claim 24 having the structure of formula (VI):
26. A method of treating an individual infected with a bacteria, comprising: administering to the individual a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claims 1 , 9 , or 18 , their acid-addition salts, and pro-drug esters.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the bacteria is a gram positive bacteria.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
30. The method of claim 27 wherein the bacteria is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
31. The method of claim 27 wherein the bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis (VSE).
32. The method of claim 27 wherein the bacteria is Enterococcus faecium (VRE).
33. The method of claim 26 wherein the bacteria is Escherichia coli.
34. A method of treating an individual with melanoma, comprising: administering to the individual a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claims 1 , 9 , or 18 , their acid-addition salts, and pro-drug esters.
35. A method of treating melanoma comprising the step of contacting a cancer cell with a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claims 1 , 9 , or 18 , their acid-addition salts, and pro-drug esters.
36. A method of treating melanoma comprising contacting a patient diagnosed with cancer with a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claims 1 , 9 , or 18 , their acid-addition salts, and pro-drug esters.