Nucleoside and oligonucleotide analogues

1. A probe for a gene or a primer for starting amplification comprising an oligonucleotide analogue immobilized on a solid support, the oligonucleotide analogue comprising two or more nucleoside units, wherein at least one of said nucleoside units is a structure of the formula (2):

wherein:

A represents a methylene group; and

B is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted purin-9-yl group, an unsubstituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a purin-9-yl group substituted with at least one substituent α, said substituent α being selected from the group consisting of

an unprotected hydroxyl group,

a protected hydroxyl group,

an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected mercapto group,

a protected mercapto group,

an alkylthio group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected amino group,

a protected amino group,

an amino group substituted by an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

2. A probe for a gene or a primer for starting amplification according to claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of 6-aminopurin-9-yl; 6-aminopurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2,6-diamino-purin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-chloropurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-chloropurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-fluoropurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-fluoropurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-bromopurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-bromopurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, the amino group and hydroxyl group of which are protected; 6-amino-2-methoxypurin-9-yl; 6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl; 6-amino-2-fluoropurin-9-yl; 2,6-dimethoxypurin-9-yl; 2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl; 6-mercaptopurin-9-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-pyrimidin-1-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-oxo-4-amino-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-1-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 4-amino-2-oxo-5-chloro-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-methoxy-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-mercapto-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-1-yl; 4-amino-5-methyl-2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and 4-amino-5-methyl-2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group, the amino group of which is protected.

3. A probe for a gene or a primer for starting amplification according to claim 1 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of 6-benzoylaminopurin-9-yl, adeninyl, 2-isobutyrylamino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, guaninyl, 2-oxo-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl, cytosinyl, 2-oxo-5-methyl-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl, 5-methylcytosinyl, uracinyl and thyminyl groups.

4. A probe comprising an oligonucleotide analogue, a fluorophor at one end of the oligonucleotide analogue and a quencher molecule at the other end of the oligonucleotide analogue, the oligonucleotide analogue comprising two or more nucleoside units, wherein at least one of said nucleoside units is a structure of formula (2):

wherein:

A represents a methylene group; and

B is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted purin-9-yl group, an unsubstituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a purin-9-yl group substituted with at least one substituent α, said substituent α being selected from the group consisting of

an unprotected hydroxyl group,

a protected hydroxyl group,

an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected mercapto group,

a protected mercapto group,

an alkylthio group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected amino group,

a protected amino group,

an amino group substituted by an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

5. A probe according to claim 4 , wherein B is selected from the group 6-aminopurin-9-yl; 6-aminopurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2,6-diamino-purin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-chloropurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-chloropurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-fluoropurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-fluoropurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-bromopurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-bromopurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, the amino group and hydroxyl group of which are protected; 6-amino-2-methoxypurin-9-yl; 6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl; 6-amino-2-fluoropurin-9-yl; 2, 6-dimethoxypurin-9-yl; 2, 6-dichloro-purin-9-yl; 6-mercaptopurin-9-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-pyrimidin-1-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 2-oxo-4-amino-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-amino-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-1-yl, the amino group of which is protected; 4-amino-2-oxo-5-chloro-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-methoxy-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-mercapto-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin-1-yl; 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-1-yl; 4-amino-5-methyl-2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and 4-amino-5-methyl-2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group, the amino group of which is protected.

6. A probe according to claim 4 , wherein B is selected from the group consisting of 6-benzoylaminopurin-9-yl, adeninyl, 2-isobutyrylamino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl, guaninyl, 2-oxo-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl, cytosinyl, 2-oxo-5-methyl-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl, 5-methylcytosinyl, uracinyl and thyminyl groups.

7. An antisense oligonucleotide comprising two to one hundred nucleoside units, wherein at least one of said nucleoside units has a structure of a formula (2):

said nucleoside units being bonded through a phosphodiester bond or a phosphorothioate bond, wherein:

A represents a methylene group; and

B is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted purin-9-yl group, an unsubstituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a purin-9-yl group substituted with at least one substituent α, said substituent α being selected from the group consisting of

an unprotected hydroxyl group,

a protected hydroxyl group,

an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected mercapto group,

a protected mercapto group,

an alkylthio group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected amino group,

a protected amino group,

an amino group substituted by an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

8. A probe or a primer for starting amplification according to claim 1 , wherein B is a group selected from the group consisting of a 6-benzoylamino-9-yl group, a 2-isobutyrylamino-6-hydroxypurin group, a uracinyl group, a 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-1-yl group, a 2-oxo-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a 2-oxo-5-methyl-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group.

9. A probe according to claim 4 , wherein B is a group selected from the group consisting of a 6-benzoylamino-9-yl group, a 2-isobutyrylamino-6-hydroxypurin group, a uracinyl group, a 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-1-yl group, a 2-oxo-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a 2-oxo-5-methyl-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group.

10. An antisense oligonucleotide according to claim 7 , wherein B is a group selected from the group consisting of a 6-benzoylamino-9-yl group, a 2-isobutyrylamino-6-hydroxypurin group, a uracinyl group, a 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-methylpyrimidin-1-yl group, a 2-oxo-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a 2-oxo-5-methyl-4-benzoylamino-pyrimidin-1-yl group.

11. A probe for a gene or a primer for starting amplification according to claim 1 , wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethyleneglycol terephthalate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylchloride.

12. A kit for isolating, purifying, amplifying, detecting, identifying or quantifying a natural nucleic acid or a synthetic nucleic acid comprising (a) a solid support;

(b) at least one oligonucleotide analogue, the oligonucleotide analogue comprising two or more nucleoside units, wherein at least one of said nucleoside units is a structure of the formula (2):

wherein:

A represents a methylene group; and

B is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted purin-9-yl group, an unsubstituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group and a purin-9-yl group substituted with at least one substituent α, said substituent α being selected from the group consisting of

an unprotected hydroxyl group,

a protected hydroxyl group,

an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected mercapto group,

a protected mercapto group,

an alkylthio group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an unprotected amino group,

a protected amino group,

an amino group substituted by an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom;

or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and

(c) a written instruction sheet setting forth conditions for the use of the kit.