Dispersive element, diffraction grating, color display device, demultiplexer, and diffraction grating manufacture

1. A dispersive element comprising:

a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by any of two straight lines and a curved line; and

a plurality of light-shielding members, each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of said diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape.

2. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , wherein said light-shielding member reduces zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light.

3. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , wherein said light-shielding member is formed by evaporating metal on the diffraction grating member at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape from an oblique direction.

4. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , wherein said light-shielding member is formed by evaporating metal on the diffraction grating member at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape in a thickness of 200 nm or above.

5. The dispersive element according to claim 1 ,

wherein said diffraction grating member of the diffraction grating has a triangular cross-sectional shape, and

wherein the light-shielding member is formed by evaporating metal on one of oblique surfaces of the diffraction grating member.

6. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating comprises:

a resin layer; and

a plurality of metal surfaces provided inside the resin layer, the metal surfaces being arranged periodically each of which has an inclination of a given blaze angle from a film surface.

7. The dispersive element according to claim 6 , wherein the given blaze angle of the metal surface is determined so as to suppress zero-order transmitted light and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light with respect to incident light.

8. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a transmission grating including a plurality of metal surfaces being arranged to be inclined in a direction to shield zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light; and

a reflecting member for returning zero-order reflected light with respect to the incident light from the transmission grating back to the transmission grating, so as to form a combined diffraction element.

9. The dispersive element according to claim 8 , wherein the transmission grating is, a blazed-type diffraction grating formed on a glass substrate by use of transparent resin members in a saw-toot shape, wherein a portion of the transparent resin members being placed upward, wherein metal members are evaporated on oblique surface on one side of the saw-tooth shape in the blazed-type diffraction grating in which each oblique surface of one of two straight lines constituting a triangular cross-sectional shape.

10. The dispersive element according to claim 9 , wherein the metal member is low in absorption at a used wavelength.

11. The dispersive element according to claim 10 , wherein the metal member using at least one of: aluminum, silver or similar material, and the metal member is evaporated in a thickness greater than 200 nm.

12. The dispersive element according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission grating is formed by obliquely evaporating metal from one side of the diffraction grating.