Apparatus and methods for closing vascular penetrations
Apparatus for sealing vascular penetrations comprise a shaft having an electrode or other energy-applying element at a distal end. The shaft is placed in a tissue tract over a blood vessel penetration and located using a locator which engages an inner wall of the blood vessel. Once in position, an anchor is used to hold the shaft, allowing the locator to be removed. Energy is then applied through a distal tip of the shaft in order to induce desiccation and plug formation in a blood pool formed between the distal end of the shaft and the wall of the blood vessel.
1. A method for sealing a blood vessel penetration disposed at a distal end of a tissue tract, said method comprising:
introducing a sealing device through the tissue tract;
positioning a distal tip of the device within the tissue tract at a predetermined distance proximal to the distal end of the tissue tract to form a clotting region between the distal tip of the device and the distal end of the tissue tract;
inducing clotting in a blood pool located in the clotting region to form a plug; and
withdrawing the device proximally from the tissue tract while leaving the clot intact.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein positioning comprises deploying a locator in a lumen of the blood vessel and pulling back on the device to engage the locator against an inner wall of the blood vessel.
3. A method as in claim 2 , wherein deploying the locator comprises expanding an expandable element attached to the device in the blood vessel lumen.
4. A method as in claim 3 , wherein expanding the expandable element comprises advancing a wire distally from the device into the lumen, wherein the wire is pre-shaped to assume the expanded configuration as it is advanced.
5. A method as in claim 4 , wherein the expanded configuration is a planar coil disposed perpendicularly to an axis of the sealing device.
6. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising anchoring the sealing device in the tissue tract after it has been positioned.
7. A method as in claim 6 , wherein anchoring comprises fixing the sealing device to a surface engaged against skin surrounding the tissue tract.
8. A method as in claim 6 , wherein anchoring comprises penetrating elements from the sealing device into the tissue surrounding the tissue tract.
9. A method as in claim 6 , further comprising removing the locator after the anchor has been deployed.
10. A method as in claim 9 , wherein the locator is removed prior to inducing clotting.
11. A method as in claim 9 , wherein the locator is removed after inducing clotting.
12. A method as in claim 1 , wherein inducing doffing comprises directing energy at the pool of blood.
13. A method as in claim 12 , wherein the energy is selected from the group consisting of heat, radiofrequency, ultrasound, and laser.
14. A method as in claim 1 , wherein inducing clotting comprises releasing a clotting factor into the blood pool.