Medical electrode
An electrode providing electrical contact with a patient's skin includes a conductive member adapted for connection to an external electrical apparatus and a non-liquid film for electrically interfacing to said patient's skin, the liquid film being electrically and mechanically connected to said conductive member. The non-liquid film includes an electrically conductive organic polymer plasticized with a polyhydric alcohol with said organic polymer being derived from a monomeric mixture comprising from about 15 to 30 pph acrylic acid, 0.5 to 30 pph N-vinylpyrrolidone and 0.01 to 2 pph of a crosslinking agent. The monomeric mixture may further comprise from about 0.5 to 8 pph of a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid copolymers, N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers, and N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymers.
1. An electrode providing electrical contact with a patient's skin comprising:
a conductive member including means for connection to an external electrical apparatus; and
means for electrically interfacing to said patient's skin being electrically and mechanically connected to said conductive member, said interfacing means being a non-liquid film and which comprises an electrically conductive organic polymer plasticized with a polyhydric alcohol with said organic polymer being derived from a monomeric mixture comprising from about 15 to 30 pph acrylic acid, 0.5 to 30 pph N-vinylpyrrolidone and 0.01 to 2 pph of a crosslinking agent and from about 0.5 to 8 pph of thickening agent comprising N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymers.
2. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said polyhydric alcohol is glycerol.
3. The electrode of claim 2 wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of methylene bis-acrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylates and diacrylates having a molecular weight from about 200 to about 600.
4. The electrode of claim 3 wherein said monomeric mixture further comprises from about 0.1 to 9 pph of a sulfonic acid-containing comonomer.
5. The electrode of claim 3 wherein said monomeric mixture further comprising from about 0.5 to 3 pph hydroxybutyl vinyl ether.
6. The electrode of claim 5 comprising from 0.5 to 3 pph of vinylimidazole and from 0.03 to 0.1 pph methylene bis-acrylamide.
7. The electrode of claim 5 wherein said monomeric mixture further comprises from about 40 to 60 pph of glycerol.
8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said sulfonic-acid-containing comonomer is 2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid.
9. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said monomeric mixture further comprises from 0.05 to 3 pph of an ultraviolet sensitive curing agent.
10. The electrode of claim 9 wherein said ultraviolet sensitive curing agent is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-one 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl(2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone or 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone and mixtures thereof.
11. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said monomeric mixture comprises from about 0.8 to 8 pph of a thickening agent comprising a N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymer.
12. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said monomeric mixture comprises from about 1.0 to 7.0 pph of a thickening agent comprising a N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymer.
13. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said mixture comprises from about 2.5 to 7.0 pph of a thickening agent comprising a N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymer.
14. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymer is selected from the group consisting of copolymers having a vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole ratio of 50:50 and copolymers having a vinlypyrrolidone/vinylimidazole ratio of 40:60.
15. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said monomeric N-vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymer comprises from about 40 to 50 pph N-vinylpyrrolidone and from about 50 to 60 pph vinylimidazole.