Bis-indole pyrroles useful as antimicrobials agents
Compounds of Formula I, commonly referred to as bis-indole pyrroles, including isolated naturally-occurring compounds, synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives thereof having antimicrobial properties and to antimicrobial compositions that include one or more of bis-indole pyrroles and their derivatives or analogs having antimicrobial properties are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of treating bacterial infections with the disclosed compounds or the disclosed pharmaceutical compositions are also disclosed.
1. A compound having a structure of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 5 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, mono-substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, poly-substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl and unsubstituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl,
wherein at least one of five R 3 is a halogen and at least one of five R 4 is a halogen, and wherein each of the remaining R 3 and R 4 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl, and some combination thereof;
wherein each of R 6 represents substituent(s) on a pyrrole ring at a 2- or a 5-position(s), and each of the two R 6 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, amide (—CO—NR 8 R 9 ), ester, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, CO—O—R 7 , carbonyl —CCO—R 7 , —(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , —CO—(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl, and some combination thereof
with the proviso that R 6 at the 5-position and R 6 at the 2-position are not identical, with the further proviso that if there is 1) an alkyl group at R 5 and if 2) R 6 at the 2-position and the 5-position is either hydrogen or oxygen, then R3 and R4 are asymmetrical.
2. A compound having a structure of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 5 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, mono-substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, poly-substituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and unsubstituted C 1 -C 24 alkyl,
wherein at least one of five R 3 and at least one of five R 4 is a halogen, and wherein each of the remaining R 3 and R 4 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl,
wherein each of two R 6 represent substituent(s) on a pyrrole ring at a 2- or a 5-position(s), and each of the two R 6 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, amide (—CO—NR 8 R 9 ), alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, —CO—O—R 7 , carbonyl —CCO—R 7 , —(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , —CO—(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , (CH 2 ) n —NR 8 R 9 , ester, —(CH 2 ) n —NR 8 R 9 , alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl;
with the proviso that R 6 at the 5-position and R 6 at the 2-position are not identical, with the further proviso that if there is an alkylamine at R 1 , or R 2 , then there is at least one non-hydrogen substitution at R 6 , or there are at least 3 halogens in the combination of R 3 and R 4 ; and the ring atoms are not modified.
3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least two of the five R 3 are hydrogen atoms and at least two R 4 are hydrogen atoms.
4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least two of the five R 3 is a halogen atom.
5. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the five R 3 is a chloride atom.
6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein
one of the two R 6 is an alkoxy carbonyl;
one of the R 6 is a hydrogen atom;
at least one of the five R 3 is a chloride atom; and
R 1 , R 2 , and R 5 are each hydrogen atoms.
7. The compound of claim 2 , wherein one of the two positions at R 6 is an alkoxy carbonyl.
8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein R 6 is a methoxy carbonyl.
9. A compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of one of the structures of:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pro-drug esters thereof.
10. A compound having the structure of Formula II, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pro-drug esters thereof:
11. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least three of the ten R 3 and R 4 are halogen atoms.
12. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least two of the ten R 3 and R 4 are chlorine atoms.
13. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least three of the ten R 3 and R 4 are chlorine atoms.
14. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least two of the ten R 3 and R 4 are bromine atoms.
15. The compound of claim 2 , wherein at least three of the ten R 3 and R 4 are bromine atoms.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 2 , or 9 .
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 , further comprising an antimicrobial agent.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17 , in a solid unit dosage form.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17 , comprising the compound
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pro-drug esters thereof.
20. The compound of claim 1 ,
wherein each of two R 6 represent substituent(s) on a pyrrole ring at a 2- or 5-position(s), and each of the two R 6 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, ester,alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl.
21. The compound of claim 2 ,
wherein each of two R 6 represent substituent(s) on a pyrrole ring at a 2- or a 5-position(s), and each of the two R 6 is separately selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, mono-substituted, poly-substituted or unsubstituted variants of the following residues: saturated C 1 -C 24 alkyl, unsaturated C 2 -C 24 alkenyl or C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, —CO—NR 8 R 9 , alkyloxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkoxy carbonyl, alkoxy carbonylacyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarboyloxy, nitro, azido, phenyl, hydroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, oxysulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, —CO—O—R 7 , carbonyl —CCO—R 7 , —(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , —CO—(CH 2 ) n —COOR 7 , (CH 2 ) n —NR 8 R 9 , ester, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, and halogenated alkyl including polyhalogenated alkyl.