Thermally managed battery enclosure for electric and hybrid electric vehicles
A thermally managed enclosure for batteries in a motor vehicle or other machinery includes a cradle of thermally conductive material for containing a battery. The cradle having a bottom wall and side walls closely fitted to and in contact with the battery, to maintain the battery in a stable position. The bottom wall of the cradle has a passageway trough containing a tube for flowing heating or cooling fluid therethrough, to control the optimal operating temperature of the battery. The passageway trough is preferably filled with a thermally conductive fill surrounding said tube. When two or more batteries are required, an array of adjacent cradles are provided in a monocoque tray formed by bonding or welding the multiple cradles at their adjacent sides. These cradles are optionally connected by linearly extending rods in the cradles
1. A thermally managed battery enclosure in a powered vehicle comprising:
a) at least one cradle of thermally conductive material containing at least one battery;
b) said at least one cradle having a bottom wall and side walls closely fitted to and in contact with said at least one battery;
c) the bottom wall of said at least one cradle having a passageway trough formed below said bottom wall, said bottom wall forming a top wall of said passageway, said passageway containing a pipe for flowing heating or cooling fluid therethrough;
d) said passageway trough being filled with a thermally conductive fill surrounding said pipe; and,
e) means for controlling the temperature of said fluid to maintain said battery in accordance with temperature requirements of said battery comprising at least one heat exchanger for obtaining heating or cooling fluid from heating and cooling systems, respectively, in said vehicle.
2. The thermally managed enclosure of claim 1 having a plurality of multiple cradles for batteries, and at least one battery occupying a single cradle of each of said plurality of multiple cradles.
3. The thermally managed enclosure of claim 2 wherein said battery enclosure is in the form of a monocoque battery tray formed by at least one of bonding or welding said multiple cradles at their adjacent sides.
4. The thermally managed enclosure of claim 2 in which said cradles are positioned side by side with fluid pipes in adjacent cradles parallel to each other.
5. The battery enclosure of claim 1 further comprising an intake manifold carrying said heating or cooling fluid to said fluid pipe in said cradle and then out through an outlet manifold and then on through respective external heat exchangers and pumps to form a closed loop heating/cooling system for said batteries in said thermally managed enclosure.
6. The battery enclosure of claim 1 having means to prevent said battery from leaving said cradle in the event of an accident involving said vehicle.
7. The battery enclosure of claim 6 wherein means to prevent said battery from leaving said cradle comprises said side walls being perforated with holes, which said holes are aligned in registration when assembled, said holes accommodating respective locking rods securing a respective top of each said battery to said battery enclosure.
8. The battery enclosure of claim 1 wherein said at least one heat exchanger is a plurality of heat exchangers for obtaining heating or cooling fluid from heating and cooling systems, respectively, in said vehicle.