Medium containing pipecholic acid and gamma amino butyric acid and culture of embryonic stem cells
Previous methods for culturing human embryonic stem cells have required either fibroblast feeder cells or a medium which has been exposed to fibroblast feeder cells in order to maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state. It has now been found that if high levels of fibroblast growth factor, gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta are added to the medium in which the stem cells are cultured, the stem cells will remain undifferentiated indefinitely through multiple passages, even without feeder cells or conditioned medium.
1. A method for culturing human stem cells in an undifferentiated state on a matrix without the need for feeder cells or conditioned medium, the method comprising the step of:
culturing human embryonic stem cells on a matrix that comprises a solubulized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma or a matrix that comprises human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin in a medium absent feeder cells and conditioned media, the medium comprising salts, vitamins, amino acids, glucose, a fibroblast growth factor, gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta, in sufficient amounts to maintain the human stem cells in an undifferentiated state through multiple successive culture passages.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the medium includes the fibroblast growth factor in a concentration of at least 40 ng/ml.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the medium also comprises a transferrin or a transferrin substitute and insulin or an insulin substitute.
4. In a method of culturing human embryonic stem cells on a matrix that comprises a solubulized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engeibreth-Hoim-Swarm mouse sarcoma or a matrix that comprises human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin and in a medium including salts, vitamins, amino acids, and a fibroblast growth factor, the improvement comprising adding to the medium an amount of gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta in an amount sufficient to maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state through multiple successive culture passages.
5. An in vitro cell culture comprising in a culture vessel:
human embryonic stem cells;
a matrix on which stem cells can grow, wherein the matrix comprises a solubulized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma or the human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin; and
a culture medium, the culture medium comprising salts, vitamins, amino acids, glucose, a fibroblast growth factor, gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta in sufficient amounts to maintain the human stem cells in an undifferentiated state through multiple culture passages, the medium being free of feeder cells and never having been exposed to feeder cells.
6. A cell culture as claimed in claim 5 wherein the medium comprises the fibroblast growth factor in a concentration of at least 40 ng/ml.
7. A cell culture as claimed in claim 5 wherein the medium comprises the fibroblast growth factor in a concentration of at least 100 ng/ml.
8. A cell culture as claimed in claim 5 wherein the medium further comprises proteins selected from albumin, insulin or an insulin substitute and a transferrin or a transferrin substitute.
9. A cell culture as claimed in claim 8 wherein the insulin and transferrin are recombinant proteins.
10. A culture of human embryonic stem cells comprising undifferentiated human stem cells, a matrix that comprises the human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, and a culture medium, the culture free of feeder cells and medium exposed to feeder cells, the medium also free of products from non-human animals, the human embryonic stem cells proliferating in an undifferentiated state and being at least 90% positive for the transcription factor Oct4 through prolonged culture.
11. A culture of human embryonic stem cells as claimed in claim 10 wherein the cells do not exhibit the sialic acid residue Neu5Gc.
12. A medium for culturing stem cells, the medium comprising salts, vitamins, amino acids, glucose, a fibroblast growth factor, gamma amino butyric acid, pipecholic acid, lithium and transforming growth factor beta in sufficient amounts to maintain stem cells grown in the medium in an undifferentiated state through multiple culture passages.
13. The medium of claim 12 , wherein the medium further comprises proteins selected from albumin, insulin and transferrin.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin.
15. The method of claim 4 , wherein the matrix comprises human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin.
16. The in vitro cell culture of claim 5 , wherein the matrix comprises human matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin.
17. The medium of claim 12 , wherein the medium is free of products from non-human animals.