Power supply system and apparatus

1. A switched mode power supply comprising:

input terminals for receiving electric power and output terminals for delivering an output power having an output voltage and an output current;

wherein the input terminals are separated from the output terminals by an insulation barrier adapted to electrically insulate the input terminals from the output terminals so that the input terminals are provided on a primary side of the insulation barrier and the output terminals are provided on a secondary side of the insulation barrier;

the insulation barrier being provided by a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;

the switched mode power supply further comprising:

a converter stage coupled between the input terminals and the output terminals, the converter stage having at least one controllable first switching element for generating a converter stage duty cycle so as to cause the converter stage to generate the output signal, the at least one first switching element being located on the primary side of tile insulation barrier; and

a programmable digital circuit for controlling the at least one first switching element; wherein:

the programmable digital circuit has a memory and means for receiving a signal representing the input current of the converter stage;

the switched mode power supply being characterized in that the programmable digital circuit is located on the primary side of the insulation barrier;

the programmable digital circuit is adapted to derive the output current from the signal representing the input current of the converter stage by means of executable commands stored in the memory; and

the programmable digital circuit is further adapted to use the derived value of the output current in the control of the first switching element;

wherein the executable commands are operable to generate the derived value of the output current as a value corresponding to the numerical value of:

I

out

est

=

(

I

int

-

I

int

off

)

⁢

N

p

DN

s

⁢

E

when the value representing the duty cycle is higher than a first threshold value; wherein:

I int is the input current of the converter stage,

I int off is an offset current;

D is the value representing the duty cycle;

N p is the number of turns of the primary winding;

N s is the number of turns of the secondary winding;

and E is a value representing the efficiency of the switched mode power supply.

2. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein:

E=k when the value representing the duty cycle is higher than a second threshold value; and

E=k(a+bD) when the value representing the duty cycle is lower than the second threshold value;

wherein k, a and b are constants, and D is the value representing the duty cycle.

3. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 wherein the absolute value of I int off is greater than zero.

4. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein:

the executable commands are operable to generate the derived value of the output current, when the value representing the duty cycle is lower than the first threshold value, as being proportional to the input current.

5. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein:

the programmable digital circuit is adapted to store the value representing the duty cycle in the memory, and wherein the executable commands are operable to generate the derived value of the output current in dependency of the value representing the duty cycle stored in the memory.

6. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein:

the converter stage can operate in a mode for delivering a substantially constant output power; and

the converter stage can operate in a mode for delivering a substantially constant output current.

7. The switched mode power supply of claim 6 , wherein no signal representing the output voltage is used by the programmable digital circuit in generating the duty cycle when the converter stage operates in the mode for delivering a substantially constant output current or in the mode for delivering a substantially constant output voltage.

8. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 further comprising a converter stage output controller adapted to control the value of the converter stage duty cycle;

the converter stage output controller being at least partly embodied by the programmable digital circuit.

9. The switched mode power supply according to claim 8 , wherein the programmable digital circuit is further adapted to operate the converter stage so as to deliver a substantially constant output current in dependence of the derived value of the output current and information indicative of the converter stage duty cycle.

10. The switched mode power supply according to claim 9 , wherein the programmable digital circuit is further adapted to enable the operation of the converter stage so as to deliver a substantially constant output current in dependence of the derived output current value and the information indicative of the converter stage duty cycle when the value of the duty cycle is higher than a first threshold value.

11. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 wherein the first threshold value is a value of 0.4 or less.

12. The switched mode power supply of claim 9 , wherein the converter stage output controller is adapted to control the value of the converter stage duty cycle so that the converter stage operates in a mode for delivering a substantially constant output voltage.

13. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 wherein the converter stage is a DC/DC converter stage.

14. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein the converter stage comprises four switching elements arranged in a full-bridge, the programmable digital circuit being adapted to control the four switching elements.

15. The switched mode power supply of claim 14 , wherein:

the programmable digital circuit is adapted to generate and send one pulse width modulated signal to each of the four switching elements; and

the programmable digital circuit is further adapted to determining a phase shift in two of the four pulse width modulated signals with respect to the other two of the four pulse width modulated signals the phase shift being determined based on a desired value of the duty cycle of the full-bridge.

16. The switched mode power supply of claim 15 wherein the programmable digital circuit is adapted to use the mains frequency in determining timing of re-start attempts of the switched mode power supply.

17. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 wherein:

the programmable digital circuit is adapted to receive a signal indicative of the mains voltage to which the input terminals of the switched mode power supply are connected; and

the programmable digital circuit is further adapted to use the signal in determining the maximum power delivered by the switched mode power supply.

18. The switched mode power supply of claim 1 , wherein the switched mode power supply comprises:

means for measuring a quantity, such as the input current or the output voltage;

means for generating a reference value of the quantity;

means for generating the difference between the measured value and the reference value of the quantity; and

the programmable digital circuit comprises means for converting the difference between the measured value and the reference value of the quantity into digital representation.

19. The switched mode power supply claim 1 , further comprising a pre-regulator coupled between the input terminals and the converter stage, the pre-regulator including a second switching element controlled by the programmable digital circuit.

20. A power supply system comprising:

a first switched mode power supply of claim 1 , the first switched mode power supply being adapted to deliver a first power output;

a second switched mode power supply of claim 1 , the second switched mode power supply being adapted to deliver a second power output;

a distribution unit having a distribution unit input being connected to receive the first power output and the second power output; and

at least one distribution unit output for supplying electric power to a load.