Radiation portal monitor system and method
A portal monitoring system has a cosmic ray charged particle tracker with a plurality of drift cells. The drift cells, which can be for example aluminum drift tubes, can be arranged at least above and below a volume to be scanned to thereby track incoming and outgoing charged particles, such as cosmic ray muons, whilst also detecting gamma rays. The system can selectively detect devices or materials, such as iron, lead, gold and/or tungsten, occupying the volume from multiple scattering of the charged particles passing through the volume and can also detect any radioactive sources occupying the volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom. If necessary, the drift tubes can be sealed to eliminate the need for a gas handling system. The system can be employed to inspect occupied vehicles at border crossings for nuclear threat objects.
1. A portal monitoring system comprising
a cosmic ray charged particle tracker having a plurality of charged particle detectors, said charged particle detectors comprising drift cells configured both to enable tracking of incoming and outgoing charged particles passing through a volume to be scanned and detection of gamma rays and, wherein, in use, said system can both selectively detect any materials or devices occupying said volume from multiple scattering of said charged particles and detect any radioactive sources occupying said volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said drift cells comprise drift tubes of circular or non-circular cross-section, or non-tube shaped cells.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said drift cells comprise sealed drift cells.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein an operating gas of said drift cells comprises an non-flammable gas.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said drift cells comprise a set of drift tubes located above said volume and another set of drift tubes located below said volume, each set of drift tubes having at least three drift tubes configured in a first direction and another at least three drift tubes configured in a second direction.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein said first direction is substantially orthogonal to said second direction.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein said charged particles comprise muons.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein said material comprises a high density material.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gamma ray or neutron source arranged within said system to thereby enable active interrogation of material occupying said volume.
10. A portal monitor system comprising
a cosmic ray muon tomography system having a plurality of muon detectors, said muon detectors comprising drift cells arranged at least above and below a volume to be scanned both to enable tracking of incoming and outgoing muons and counting of gamma rays and, wherein, in use, said system can both selectively detect any high density shielding occupying said volume from multiple scattering of said muons passing through said volume and detect any radioactive material occupying said volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein said drift cells comprise aluminum drift cells or carbon composite drift cells having internal conductive coatings and wherein said drift cells comprise drift tubes of circular or non-circular cross-section, or non-tube shaped cells.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein said operating gas of said drift tube comprises a non-flammable gas.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein said operating gas comprises a mixture of argon and at least one gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, isobutane, tetrafluoromethane and ethane.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein said drift tubes are arranged in separate planes in two orthogonal coordinates or wherein said drift tubes are arranged in non-orthogonal planes.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein said volume is of sufficient size to enable a vehicle or cargo container to occupy said volume.
16. A method of portal monitoring comprising
arranging a plurality drift cells on opposite sides of a volume to be scanned;
detecting with said drift cells incoming and outgoing cosmic ray charged particles and any gamma rays;
selectively detecting any material occupying said volume from multiple scattering of said charged particles passing through said volume; and
detecting any radioactive sources occupying said volume from detection of said gamma rays.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said drift cells comprise comprise drift tubes of circular or non-circular cross-section, or non-tube shaped cells.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said drift cells comprise sealed drift tubes.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein arranging said plurality of drift cells comprises arranging a set of at least three planes of drift tubes above said volume and arranging a set of at least three planes of drift tubes below said volume.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein arranging said plurality of drift cells further comprises arranging said drift tubes in separate planes in two orthogonal coordinates or arranging said drift tubes in non-orthogonal planes.