Air-to-ground cellular network for deck-to-deck call coverage
The air-to-ground cellular network for deck-to-deck call coverage provides call coverage to customers who are located in aircraft that are flying within the arrival/departure airspace of an airport by trifurcating the spatial coverage regions or volumes of space to solve the problems of inter-network interference while yielding air-to-ground cellular network coverage at any altitude. Three types of cells are considered: an Outer Cell, an Inner Cell and an Airport Cell. The Outer Cell is a macro cell covering a large volume of space and is one of many cells in the composite air-to-ground cellular network. The Inner Cell is created within an Outer Cell and has at its center an airport. The Airport Cell is a part of the Terrestrial Cellular Network (TCN), created by the present terrestrial cellular operators or service providers.
1. A deck-to-deck cellular communication network for providing communication services to a plurality of wireless subscriber devices that are located in an aircraft when said aircraft is transitioning between flight modes, where said aircraft is served by at least one of a plurality of air-to-ground cells of an air-to-ground cellular network while above a predetermined altitude, and by an airport cell when said aircraft is on the ground at an airport, comprising:
inner cell, which is part of said air-to-ground cellular network and is interposed between said at least one of said air-to-ground cells and said airport cell, to provide cellular communication services exclusively from said air-to-ground cellular network to said aircraft when said aircraft is below a predetermined altitude and not served by said airport cell, comprising:
two sets of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations that are located on a circumference of a ring centered on the airport, wherein said base stations of each set of co-spectrum air-to-ground base stations are located in pairs consisting of a base station from each set and wherein said base stations of each of said pairs generates radio frequency signals on predetermined frequencies that are non-interfering with other co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations and wherein each set of radio frequency signals is cross-duplexed from each other, and
one or more antennas located at each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations having closely matching antenna patterns, similar transmit power levels, compatible air interface technologies, and having elevation patterns that map to the arrival glide slope corridors of said airport; and
handoff controller, which is part of said air-to-ground cellular network and responsive to said aircraft transitioning across said predefined altitude, for transferring said cellular communication services provided to said aircraft between said inner cell and said at least one of said air-to-ground cells, exclusively within said air-to-ground cellular network.
2. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 1 , wherein said
plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are positioned equidistantly from the center of said airport.
3. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 2 wherein each of said plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are located on a ring centered on the airport, spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
4. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 2 , wherein said inner cell further comprises:
wherein each of said plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations outputs a regulated transmitted power towards the horizon by a combination of up-tilted antennas and reduced transmitter power.
5. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 1 , wherein
said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations of each of said two sets of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are interleaved around a circumference of said ring.
6. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 5 wherein said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
7. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 5 , wherein each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations in said two sets of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations outputs a regulated transmitted power towards the horizon by a combination of up-tilted antennas and reduced transmitter power.
8. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 1 wherein said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations pairs are spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
9. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 1 wherein each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations in said two sets of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations generate radio-frequency signals on predetermined frequencies that are non-interfering using at least one of the interference avoidance techniques comprising: cross-polarization, partial overlap of frequency assignment, code assignment, time slot assignment, antenna pointing, and wherein each set of radio frequency signals is cross-duplexed from the other set.
10. The deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 1 further comprising:
wherein said inner cell comprises a first base station connected to a first base station controller which is served by a first mobile switching center;
wherein said airport cell comprises a second base station connected to a second base station controller which is served by a second mobile switching center;
wherein said handoff controller comprises:
data link interconnecting said first mobile switching center and said second mobile switching center for exchanging control data and communications traffic there between to effect transfer of said cellular communication services between said airport cell and said inner cell.
11. A method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network for providing communication services to a plurality of wireless subscriber devices that are located in an aircraft when said aircraft is transitioning between flight modes, where said aircraft is served by at least one of a plurality of air-to-ground cells of an air-to-ground cellular network while above a predetermined altitude, and by an airport cell when said aircraft is on the ground at an airport, comprising:
providing air-to-ground cellular communication services to said aircraft exclusively from said air-to-ground cellular network via an inner cell, which is part of said air-to-ground cellular network and interposed between said at least one of said air-to-ground cells and said airport cell, when said aircraft is above said predetermined altitude from an inner cell, centered about said airport, by use of a plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations each of which generates radio frequency signals on predetermined frequencies that are non-interfering with other co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations comprising:
dividing said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations into two sets that are located on a circumference of a ring centered on the airport, wherein said base stations of each set of co-spectrum air-to-ground base stations are located in pairs consisting of a base station from each set and wherein said base stations of each of said pairs generates radio frequency signals on predetermined frequencies that are non-interfering with other co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations and wherein each set of radio frequency signals is cross-duplexed from each other, and
providing one or more antennas located at each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations having closely matching antenna patterns, similar transmit power levels, compatible air interface technologies, and having elevation patterns that map to the arrival glide slope corridors of said airport; and
transferring, in response to said aircraft transitioning across said predefined altitude, said cellular communication services provided to said aircraft between said inner cell and said at least one of said air-to-ground cells, exclusively within said air-to-ground cellular network.
12. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 11 , wherein said step of providing air-to-ground cellular communication services to said aircraft comprises:
operating a plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations that are positioned equidistantly from the center of said airport.
13. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 12 wherein each of said plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are located on a ring centered on the airport, spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
14. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 12 , wherein said step of providing air-to-ground cellular communication services to said aircraft further comprises:
outputting, from each of said plurality of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations, a regulated transmitted power towards the horizon by a combination of up-tilted antennas and reduced transmitter power.
15. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 11 , wherein
said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations of each of said two sets of co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are interleaved around a circumference of said ring.
16. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 15 wherein said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations are spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
17. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 15 , wherein each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations in said two sets of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations outputs a regulated transmitted power towards the horizon by a combination of up-tilted antennas and reduced transmitter power.
18. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 11 wherein said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base station pairs are spaced equally apart around the circumference of said ring.
19. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 11 wherein each of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations in said two sets of said co-spectrum air-to-ground cellular base stations generate radio-frequency signals on predetermined frequencies that are non-interfering using at least one of the interference avoidance techniques comprising: cross-polarization, partial overlap of frequency assignment, code assignment, time slot assignment, antenna pointing, and wherein each set of radio frequency signals is cross-duplexed from the other set.
20. The method of operating a deck-to-deck cellular communication network of claim 11 further comprising:
wherein said inner cell comprises a first base station connected to a first base station controller which is served by a first mobile switching center;
wherein said airport cell comprises a second base station connected to a second base station controller which is served by a second mobile switching center;
wherein said step of transferring comprises:
interconnecting said first mobile switching center and said second mobile switching center for exchanging control data and communications traffic there between to effect transfer of said cellular communication services between said airport cell and said inner cell.