Method to enhance proppant conductivity from hydraulically fractured wells
A method of mitigating proppant settling in a hydraulic fracture in order to better suspend the proppant as well as ensure a more uniform pack, by mixing a pre-determined volume percent of low density additive, such as glass beads or other suitable material, such as polylactic acid particles, into the fracturing slurry along with the standard high-density proppant, it is anticipated that density gradients can be induced inside the fracture. Upward movement of low density additive due to them having density lower than the carrier fluid will interfere with downward movement of high-density proppant and vice versa. This mutual interference between the two proppants confined in the narrow fracture will significantly hinder the settling/segregation of the high-density proppant. The low density material has a specific gravity of about 0.3, particle size distribution similar to that of standard proppant, and sufficient mechanical strength to survive fracture closure stress.
1. A method of mitigating proppant settling in a hydraulic fracture, the method comprising the following steps:
a. providing a proppant-carrier fluid slurry;
b. adding a low-density particulate material which defines an additive at a concentration of between 1% and 2% by weight of proppant volume to the proppant-carrier fluid slurry, the particulate additive having a specific gravity lower than the specific gravity of the carrier fluid;
c. providing a proppant having a specific gravity that is greater than that of the carrier fluid;
d. injecting the proppant-carrier fluid slurry having the low-density particulate material into the fracture;
e. due to the specific gravity gradient between the particulate material, the proppant-carrier fluid slurry, and the proppant, causing the additive particles to rise in the carrier fluid while the proppant particles fall in the carrier fluid; and
f. through interference from collisions of the upward moving additive particles with the downward moving proppant particles, slowing the proppant settling rate which results in a more uniform vertical distribution of proppant in the fracture at closure.
2. The method in claim 1 , wherein the particulate material additive does not require sufficient strength to act as a proppant.
3. The method in claim 1 , wherein the additive may crush on closure of the fracture.
4. The method in claim 1 , wherein the additive is designed to dissolve over time thereby eliminating proppant pack damage.
5. The method in claim 1 , wherein the particulate material comprises polyesters, which will hydrolyze and will be swept from the proppant bed with time.
6. The method in claim 1 , wherein the low-density particulate material comprises polylactic acid particles.
7. The method in claim 1 , wherein the low-density particulate material comprises glass beads.
8. The method in claim 5 , wherein the polyesters comprise polylactic acid particles.
9. A method of mitigating proppant settling in a hydraulic fracture, the method comprising the following steps:
a. providing a proppant-carrier fluid slurry;
b. adding a low-density particulate material which defines an additive at a concentration of 1% to 2% by weight of proppant to the proppant-carrier fluid slurry, the additive having a specific gravity lower than the specific gravity of the carrier fluid;
c. providing a proppant having a specific gravity that is greater than that of the carrier fluid;
d. injecting the proppant-carrier fluid slurry having the low-density particulate material into the fracture;
e. due to the specific gravity gradient between the particulate material, the proppant-carrier fluid slurry, and the proppant, causing the additive particles to rise in the carrier fluid while the proppant particles fall in the carrier fluid; and
f. through interference from collisions of the upward moving additive particles with the downward moving proppant particles, slowing the proppant settling rate which results in a more uniform vertical distribution of proppant in the fracture at closure.
10. A method of mitigating proppant settling in a hydraulic fracture, the method comprising the following steps:
a. providing a proppant-carrier fluid slurry;
b. adding polylactic acid particles as an additive to the proppant-carrier fluid slurry at a concentration of 1% to 2% by weight of proppant, the additive having a specific gravity lower than the specific gravity of the carrier fluid;
c. providing a proppant having a specific gravity that is greater than that of the carrier fluid;
d. injecting the proppant-carrier fluid slurry having the low-density particulate material into the fracture;
e. due to the specific gravity gradient between the particulate material, the proppant-carrier fluid slurry, and the proppant, causing the additive particles to rise in the carrier fluid while the proppant particles fall in the carrier fluid; and
f. through interference from collisions of the upward moving additive particles with the downward moving proppant particles, slowing the proppant settling rate which results in a more uniform vertical distribution of proppant in the fracture at closure.