Electrode for a lithium battery and method for producing the same
The invention relates, among other things, to an electrode for a lithium battery with an electrode element of a material consisting of or comprising: 2-10 parts by weight of a conductivity additive containing carbon, based on an anisotropic expanded graphite; 0-5 parts by weight of a plate-shaped, spherical or potato-shaped graphite; 1-8 parts by weight of a binding agent; and 77-97 parts by weight of an active material selected from the group metal, transition metal oxide and metal phosphate, said active material being capable of intercalating lithium ions in a crystal lattice.
1. An electrode for a lithium battery with an electrode element of a material comprising:
2-10 parts by weight
of a conductivity additive containing carbon,
based on an anisotropic expanded graphite
wherein said conductivity additive consists of
particles of size D90 = 80 to 90 μm and
D50 = 30 to 40 μm;
0-5 parts by weight
of a plate-shaped, spherical or potato-shaped
graphite wherein said plate-shaped, spherical or
potato-shaped graphite consists of particles with
a size ranging from 3 to 30 μm;
1-8 parts by weight
of a binding agent;
77-97 parts by weight
of an active material selected from the group
metal, transition metal oxide and metal phosphate,
said active material being capable of intercalating
lithium ions in a crystal lattice wherein said
active material has a BET surface of >20 m 2 /g;
0-300 ppm
of moisture content; and,
wherein said active material is 91% by weight of manganese dioxide and wherein said conductivity additive is 7% by weight of said anisotropic expanded graphite and wherein said binding agent is 2% by weight of PTFE powder and wherein a thickness of said lithium battery decreases when a depth of discharge of said lithium battery increases.
2. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein said binding agent is a polymer.
3. The electrode according to claim 2 , wherein said polymer contains fluorine.
4. The electrode according to claim 3 , wherein said polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PvdF).
5. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein said electrode has a thickness ranging from 300μ to 6 mm.
6. The electrode according to claim 5 , wherein said thickness of the electrode ranges from 1 mm to 6 mm.
7. The electrode according to claim 1 wherein said lithium battery comprises a cathode coupled with said electrode material.
8. The electrode according to claim 7 wherein said lithium battery is designed for basic load discharge currents <100 μA and pulse discharge currents ranging from 1-100 mA.
9. The electrode according to claim 7 , wherein said lithium battery comprises an anode contains metal lithium or consists of metal lithium.
10. The electrode according to claim 7 , wherein said lithium battery contains a non-aqueous organic solvent as electrolyte, which is able to dissolve a conducting salt containing lithium.
11. The electrode according to claim 10 , wherein said solvent is selected from one or a plurality of solvents from a group of:
(i) organic carbonates, in particular ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate; and
(ii) ethers, in particular diethoxyethane or dimethoxyethane.
12. The electrode according to claim 10 , wherein said conducting salt is selected from the group lithium perchlorate, lithium tetraflouoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate and lithium-bis-oxalatoborate.
13. The electrode according to claim 10 , wherein said conducting salt is present in said electrolyte in a concentration of approximately 1 mol/l.
14. A powder mixture for producing an electrode for a lithium battery comprising:
2-10 parts by weight
of a conductivity additive containing carbon,
based on an anisotropic expanded graphite
wherein said conductivity additive consists of
particles of size D90 = 80 to 90 μm and
D50 = 30 to 40 μm;
0-5 parts by weight
of a plate-shaped, spherical or potato-shaped
graphite wherein said plate-shaped, spherical or
potato-shaped graphite consists of particles with
a size ranging from 3 to 30 μm;
1-8 parts by weight
of a binding agent;
77-97 parts by weight
of an active material selected from the group
metal, transition metal oxide and metal phosphate,
said active material being capable of intercalating
lithium ions in a crystal lattice wherein said
active material has a BET surface of >20 m 2 /g;
0-300 ppm
of moisture content; and,
wherein said active material is 91% by weight of manganese dioxide and wherein said conductivity additive is 7% by weight of said anisotropic expanded graphite and wherein said binding gent is 2% by weight of PTFE powder and wherein a thickness of said lithium battery decreases when a depth of discharge of said lithium battery increases.