Energy storage cooling system
An energy storage pack cooling system including upper and lower respective terminal heat sinks thermally connected to respective upper and lower terminals of energy storage cells above and below upper and lower ends of an enclosure of an energy storage cell pack; and a blower and cooling assembly that circulates a heat transfer fluid past the upper and lower respective terminal heat sinks outside of the enclosure to cool the energy storage cells without circulating the heat transfer fluid past energy storage cell bodies of the energy storage cells enclosed within the enclosure.
1. An energy storage cooling system for a vehicle energy storage pack, the vehicle energy storage pack including a plurality of ultracapacitor cells and an external housing configured to enclose the plurality of ultracapacitor cells, the energy storage cooling system comprising:
a plurality of terminal heat exchangers, each terminal heat exchanger thermally coupled to one terminal of one of the plurality of ultracapacitor cells and configured to convect heat from its respective one terminal to a gas coolant, the plurality of terminal heat exchangers located inside the external housing;
a blower including a blower inlet and a blower exhaust, the blower configured to blow the gas coolant from the blower exhaust across the plurality of terminal heat exchangers with the gas coolant convecting heat from the plurality of terminal heat exchangers, the blower located inside the external housing;
a liquid coolant heat exchanger configured to receive and cool heated gas coolant, and further configured to feed cooled gas coolant to the blower inlet, the liquid coolant heat exchanger located inside the external housing;
a closed loop gas coolant flow path inside the external housing, the closed loop gas coolant flow path configured to direct the gas coolant from the blower across the plurality of terminal heat exchangers and to the liquid coolant heat exchanger;
an external liquid cooling source configured to receive heated liquid coolant from the liquid coolant heat exchanger and return cooled liquid coolant back to the liquid coolant heat exchanger;
a liquid coolant loop interfacing with the external liquid cooling source and the liquid coolant heat exchanger, liquid coolant loop configured to circulate liquid coolant between the liquid coolant heat exchanger and the external liquid cooling source.
2. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of terminal heat exchangers includes a plurality of fin surfaces, and is configured to screw on to its respective terminal.
3. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one temperature sensor associated with the plurality of ultracapacitor cells; and,
a controller configured to actively control cooling of the plurality of ultracapacitor cells in response to the at least one temperature sensor, and wherein the controller is configured to meter at least one of liquid coolant flow, liquid coolant temperature, and gas coolant flow.
4. The energy storage cooling system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to cool multiple vehicle energy storage cell packs simultaneously.
5. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the closed loop gas coolant flow path comprises ducting configured to direct the gas coolant from the blower, across the plurality of terminal heat exchangers, and back to the liquid coolant heat exchanger.
6. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the external liquid cooling source comprises a vehicle cooling system.
7. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the external liquid cooling source comprises a vehicle cooling system, a central water chiller, or a dedicated cooling supply.
8. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the external liquid cooling source is configured to cool multiple vehicle energy storage cell packs simultaneously.
9. The energy storage cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the gas coolant comprises air.
10. An energy storage cooling system for a propulsion energy storage pack in a vehicle, the vehicle having an electric drive system and a vehicle cooling system, the propulsion energy storage pack including a plurality of energy storage cells and an external housing configured to enclose the plurality of energy storage cells, the energy storage cooling system comprising:
a plurality of terminal heat exchangers, each terminal heat exchanger thermally coupled to one terminal of one of the plurality of energy storage cells and configured to convect heat from its respective one terminal to a gas coolant;
a liquid coolant heat exchanger configured to cool heated gas coolant;
a closed loop gas coolant flow path at least partially inside the propulsion energy storage pack, and configured to guide gas coolant across the plurality of terminal heat exchangers, then to the liquid coolant heat exchanger, the closed loop gas coolant flow path sealed from ambient air and contaminants outside the propulsion energy storage pack;
means to circulate gas coolant through the closed loop gas coolant flow path, convecting heat from the plurality of terminal heat exchangers, and convecting heat to the liquid coolant heat exchanger;
an external liquid cooling source;
a liquid coolant loop at least partially outside the propulsion energy storage pack interfacing with the external liquid cooling source and the liquid coolant heat exchanger, liquid coolant loop configured to circulate liquid coolant between and interface with the liquid coolant heat exchanger and the external liquid cooling source.
11. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the energy storage cells are ultracapacitors.
12. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the means to circulate gas coolant through the closed loop gas coolant flow path comprises a blower, the blower having a blower inlet and a blower exhaust.
13. The energy storage cooling system of claim 12 , wherein the liquid coolant heat exchanger is coupled to the blower such that cooled gas coolant is delivered from the liquid coolant heat exchanger to the blower inlet.
14. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the external liquid cooling source comprises the vehicle cooling system, the external liquid cooling source configured to receive heated liquid coolant from the liquid coolant heat exchanger and to return cooled liquid coolant to the liquid coolant heat exchanger via the liquid coolant loop.
15. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the external liquid cooling source comprises a central water chiller or cooling supply, the external liquid cooling source configured to receive heated liquid coolant from the liquid coolant heat exchanger and to return cooled liquid coolant to the liquid coolant heat exchanger via the liquid coolant loop.
16. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein both the liquid coolant heat exchanger and the means to circulate gas coolant through the closed loop gas coolant flow path are located outside the external housing of the propulsion energy storage pack.
17. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein at least part of one inner surface of the external housing forms at least part of the closed loop gas coolant flow path.
18. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the closed loop gas coolant flow path comprises ducting configured to direct gas coolant across the plurality of terminal heat exchangers and limit gas coolant from bleeding out or otherwise escaping the closed loop gas coolant flow path.
19. The energy storage cooling system of claim 10 , wherein the gas coolant is air and the liquid coolant is water-based.