Biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material and method of making the same
A biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material with a cementitious morphology characterized by presence of non-round porosity, having superior hardness and tribological properties, as useful for high wear-force applications. The biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material is produced by firing, under inert atmosphere, of particulate vitrified carbon in a composition containing (i) a precursor resin that is curable and pyrolyzable to form vitreous carbon and, optionally, (ii) addition of one or more of the following: solid lubricant, such as graphite, boron nitride, or molybdenum disulfide; a heat-resistant fiber reinforcement, such as copper, bronze, iron alloy, graphite, alumina, silica, or silicon carbide; or one or more substances to improve electrical conductivity, such as dendritic copper powder, copper “felt” or graphite flake, to produce a superior vitreous carbon that is useful alone or as a continuous phase in reinforced composites, in relation to conventional glassy carbon materials.
1. A biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material in the form of a solid glassy carbon body produced by firing, under inert atmosphere, of particulate vitrified carbon in a composition containing (i) a precursor resin curable and pyrolyzable to form vitreous carbon and, optionally, (ii) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (a) solid lubricants and (b) additives that modify tribological, electrical, or mechanical properties,
wherein the material is substantially crack-free in character, and wherein the particulate vitrified carbon has an average particle size in a range of from about #40 mesh to sub-micron size.
2. The biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material of claim 1 , including additives comprising a solid lubricant and at least one material selected from the group consisting of graphite, boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide.
3. The biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the solid lubricant comprises molybdenum disulfide.
4. The biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material of claim 1 , having a density in a range of from about 1.2 to about 1.5 g/cc.
5. The biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material of claim 1 , having no metal fiber reinforcement therein.
6. A composite material comprising a biphasic nanoporous vitreous carbon material as claimed in claim 1 , and containing metal, ceramic or carbon reinforcement fibers therein.
7. The composite material of claim 6 , comprising metal reinforcement fibers including fibers formed of material selected from the group consisting of copper, bronze, steel, ferrous alloys, graphite, alumina, silica, and silicon carbide.
8. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a thickness greater than approximately 0.2 inches.