Addressable or static light emitting or electronic apparatus
The present invention provides an addressable or static electronic apparatus, such as a light emitting display. An exemplary apparatus comprises a substrate having a plurality of cavities; a plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate and at least partially within the cavities, with the plurality of first conductors having a first and substantially parallel orientation; a plurality of light emitting diodes or other electronic components coupled to the plurality of first conductors and having a second orientation substantially normal to the first orientation; and a plurality of substantially optically transmissive second conductors coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes and having a third orientation substantially normal to the second orientation and substantially perpendicular to the first orientation. In an exemplary method, the plurality of electronic components in a suspending medium are deposited within the plurality of cavities, and the plurality of electronic components are oriented using an applied field, followed by a bonding of the plurality of electronic components to the plurality of first conductors.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a substantially planar substrate having a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of first conductors at least partially within the cavities, each first conductor of the plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate at a bottom of a cavity of the plurality of cavities;
a plurality of electronic components at least partially within the cavities and coupled to the plurality of first conductors, each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components having a junction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate;
a plurality of second conductors coupled to the plurality of electronic components; and
an optically transmissive, electrically insulating material substantially within the plurality of cavities, and for each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components, the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material partially surrounding the electronic component and located substantially and solely between a corresponding first conductor of the plurality of first conductors and a corresponding second conductor of the plurality of second conductors.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are light emitting diodes.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the plurality of second conductors.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and has a thickness of less than two millimeters.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, concrete, stone, and combinations thereof.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities are substantially elongated.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities are at least partially hemispherically-shaped and are disposed in an array.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of first conductors further comprise:
a first portion substantially within a cavity of the plurality of cavities; and
a second portion substantially elongated and on a surface of the substrate.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured form of a conductor selected from the group consisting of: a silver conductive ink, a copper conductive ink, a gold conductive ink, an aluminum conductive ink, a tin conductive ink, a carbon conductive ink, a conductive polymer, and combinations thereof.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second conductors are substantially optically transmissive.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second conductors comprise an optically transmissive polymer.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second conductors are selected from the group consisting of: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, polyethylene-dioxithiophene, a carbon-based conductor, and combinations thereof.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are coupled to the plurality of first conductors by abutment.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electronic components each have an annealed coupling to the plurality of first conductors.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first conductors, the plurality of electronic components and the plurality of second conductors are deposited through a printing process.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a plurality of light scattering particles in the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are diodes.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are photovoltaic diodes.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the junction is a pn junction.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the junction is at least one light emitting junction.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is embossed.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components further comprises at least one conductor responsive to an applied electrical or magnetic field during apparatus manufacture.
24. An apparatus, comprising:
a substantially planar substrate having a plurality of elongated and substantially parallel cavities;
a plurality of first conductors at least partially within the cavities, each first conductor of the plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate at a bottom of a cavity of the plurality of cavities;
a plurality of electronic components coupled to the plurality of first conductors, each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components having a junction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate;
a second, optically transmissive conductor coupled to the plurality of electronic components, and
an optically transmissive, electrically insulating material substantially within the cavities, and for each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components, the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material partially surrounding the electronic component and located substantially and solely between a corresponding first conductor of the plurality of first conductors and the second optically transmissive conductor.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are diodes.
26. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are light emitting diodes or photovoltaic diodes.
27. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the junction is a pn junction.
28. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the junction is at least one light emitting junction.
29. The apparatus of claim 24 , further comprising:
a plurality of third conductors coupled to the plurality of second conductors.
30. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising:
a plurality of light scattering particles in the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material.
31. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and has a thickness of less than two millimeters, and wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, plastic, rubber, fabric, and combinations thereof.
32. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
33. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of second conductors are selected from the group consisting of antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, polyethylene-dioxithiophene, a carbon-based conductor, and combinations thereof.
34. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components further comprises at least one conductor responsive to an applied electrical or magnetic field during apparatus manufacture.
35. An apparatus, comprising:
a substantially planar substrate having a plurality of cavities;
a plurality of first conductors at least partially within the cavities, each first conductor of the plurality of first conductors coupled to the substrate at a bottom of a cavity of the plurality of cavities;
a plurality of electronic components coupled to the plurality of first conductors, each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components having a light emitting junction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate;
a second, optically transmissive conductor coupled to an electronic component of the plurality of electronic components; and
an optically transmissive, electrically insulating material substantially within the plurality of cavities, and for each electronic component of the plurality of electronic components, the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material partially surrounding the electronic component and located substantially and solely between a corresponding first conductor of the plurality of first conductors and the second, optically transmissive conductor.
36. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the plurality of electronic components are light emitting diodes.
37. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the light emitting junction is a pn junction.
38. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the light emitting junction is at least one light emitting junction of a plurality of light emitting junctions.
39. The apparatus of claim 35 further comprising:
a plurality of light scattering particles in the optically transmissive, electrically insulating material.
40. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the substrate is substantially flat and has a thickness of less than two millimeters, and wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of: paper, coated paper, plastic coated paper, embossed paper, fiber paper, cardboard, poster paper, poster board, plastic, rubber, fabric, and combinations thereof.
41. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the plurality of first conductors comprise a cured conductive ink or a cured conductive polymer.
42. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the plurality of second conductors are selected from the group consisting of: antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, polyethylene-dioxithiophene, a carbon-based conductor, and combinations thereof.
43. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein each electronic component of the plurality of light emitting electronic components further comprises at least one conductor responsive to an applied electrical or magnetic field to orient the light emitting junction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate.
44. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein each electronic component of the plurality of light emitting electronic components further comprises at least one conductor responsive to an applied electrical or magnetic field during apparatus manufacture.